Optimism and Mortality in Older Men and Women: The Rancho Bernardo Study
Table 2
Age and age-adjusted covariates comparison by LOT-R score quartiles in both sexes, Rancho Bernardo, CA, 1999–2002 ().
Q1 (0–15)
Q2 (16-17)
Q3 (18-19)
Q4 (20–24)
()
()
()
()
value
Mean
Mean
Mean
Mean
Age (yr)
76.6
74.4
73.8
70.9
<0.001+
Follow-up (yr)
7.7
7.8
8.3
8.7
0.06
Alcohol use (avg g/wk)
64.4
56.9
75.6
50.8
0.02
Duration of smoking (yr)
24.8
24.3
24.6
19.4
0.15
WHR
0.86
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.75
BMI (kg/m2)
26.0
26.7
26.0
26.3
0.26
SBP (mmHg)
140.5
141.7
139.3
136.6
0.41
DBP (mmHg)
77.3
78.8
77.9
78.8
0.59
SF-12
PCS
43.2
44.7
47.5
50.8
<0.001
MCS
51.7
53.0
55.7
57.7
<0.001
%
%
%
%
Sex (male)
44.2
35.5
43.9
44.7
0.14
Smoking status (ever)
55.4
61.1
55.2
45.9
0.05
Exercise ≥ 3x/wk (% yes)
68.6
68.8
75.2
77.6
0.14
Marital status (% yes)
69.8
68.4
70.9
72.4
0.62
BP low meds (% yes)
38.8
33.9
33.3
28.2
0.82
Angina meds (% yes)
6.6
2.6
0.01
0
0.06
Chol low meds (% yes)
23.1
30.3
30.4
19.4
0.02
Diabetes meds (% yes)
2.5
7.7
4.3
3.5
0.06
Hypertension (% yes)
68.6
65.4
61.7
58.8
0.93
Diabetes (% yes)
5.0
9.0
6.1
4.7
0.29
Heart attack (% yes)
5.4
3.0
3.5
2.9
0.75
TIA (% yes)
5.8
6.8
6.5
7.6
0.77
Stroke (% yes)
0.01
0.02
0.01
1.2
0.83
Angina (% yes)
6.2
4.3
7.4
4.7
0.43
Cancer (% yes)
19.4
22.6
23.0
21.2
0.88
Reference: compared to Q3 only , , and compared to Q4 only , , and ; +unadjusted age; total LOT-R scored 0–24 by increasing optimism by quartile; bold indicates value < 0.05.
