Research Article

Effects of a 12-Week Exercise Training Program on Physical Function in Institutionalized Frail Elderly

Table 2

Comparison of anthropometric, clinical, and functional performance variables between baseline and postintervention moments.

VariableExercise group (n = 13)Control group (n = 24)
BaselinePostinterventionBaselinePostintervention

Age (years)73.3 ± 6.477.8 ±8.0
Weight (kg)67.4 ± 10.166.7 ± 11.9
Height (m)1.59 ± 9.71.59 ± 8.6
Diseases (number)2.21.7
Depression (%)28.6%18.2%24.0%22.7%
Dependence (%)36.4%0.0%22.7%§20.8%
MMSE (points)17.4 (13.8; 20.9)18.3 (15.8; 20.9)18.1 (15.3; 21.0)17.0 (15.1; 18.9)
BMI (kg/m2)26.4 (23.6; 29.2)27.0 (26.4; 27.6)26.8 (25.1; 28.6)26.5 (26.1; 27.0)
Conicity index1.36 (1.32; 1.40)1.36 (1.34; 1.38)1.38 (1.35; 1.41)1.39 (1.37; 1.40)
Waist (cm)95.8 (89.9; 101.6)97.0 (95.2; 98.8)97.96 (93.4; 102.5)97.84 (96.4; 99.3)
LHS (kgf)8.7 (3.7; 13.7)16.7 (14.7; 18.7)†&10.5 (8.1; 13.0)11.2 (9.5; 12.9)
RHS (kgf)10.1 (5.9; 14.4)17.2 (15.2; 19.2)†#11.0 (7.6; 14.4)12.7 (11.0; 14.4)
TUG (s)28.8 (20.4; 37.2)20.9 (18.3; 23.4)†&29.1 (21.3; 36.9)28.9 (26.6; 31.2)
Stand/sit time (s)33.5 (22.0; 45.0)20.3 (17.2; 23.4)†#27.7 (23.0; 32.5)26.1 (23.6; 28.7)

for intragroup comparisons calculated using the chi-square test; for comparison of postintervention measurements between groups (exercise group versus control group) calculated using the chi-square test; § for comparison of baseline measurements between groups (exercise group versus control group) calculated using the chi-square test; for intragroup comparisons calculated using the paired t-test or Wilcoxon test. #; & for comparison of postintervention measurements between groups (exercise group versus control group) calculated using ANCOVA or nonparametric ANCOVA, adjusted by base measurements as a covariate. MMSE = mini-mental state examination; BMI = body mass index; LHS = left handgrip strength; RHS = right handgrip strength; TUG = timed up and go test.