Research Article
Associations between ACE-Inhibitors, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, and Lean Body Mass in Community Dwelling Older Women
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of hypertensive women in the Women’s Health Initiative DXA Cohort by ACE-I/ARB use
†.
| | Characteristic: mean ± SD or n% | Total | Nonusers | Users | |
| | Age (years) | 65.1 ± 7.2 | 65.0 ± 7.2 | 65.1 ± 7.2 | 0.666 | | NSES | 69.2 ± 10.3 | 69.0 ± 10.5 | 69.5 ± 9.8 | 0.283 | | Race/ethnicity | | | | 0.112 | | Non-Hispanic white | 1736 (65.7) | 1205 (64.8) | 646 (68.4) | | | Black | 737 (27.9) | 543 (29.2) | 194 (24.8) | | | Hispanic | 116 (4.39) | 77 (4.14) | 39 (4.99) | | | Other or unknown | 53 (2.01) | 35 (1.88) | 18 (2.30) | | | Smoking status | | | | 0.744 | | Never | 1471 (56.6) | 1029 (56.4) | 442 (57.0) | | | Former | 961 (37.0) | 673 (36.9) | 288 (37.1) | | | Current | 169 (6.50) | 123 (6.74) | 46 (5.93) | | | Physical activity (MET-hr/wk) | 9.44 ± 12.3 | 9.36 ± 11.8 | 9.64 ± 13.5 | 0.593 | | Blood pressure | | | | | | Systolic (mmHg) | 138.2 ± 18.4 | 137.7 ± 18.1 | 139.5 ± 19.2 | 0.021 | | Diastolic (mmHg) | 77.0 ± 9.7 | 77.1 ± 9.7 | 76.8 ± 9.7 | 0.390 | | Body size | | | | | | Height (cm) | 161.2 ± 6.5 | 161.3 ± 6.6 | 160.8 ± 6.3 | 0.080 | | Weight (kg) | 78.8 ± 17.7 | 79.1 ± 18.3 | 78.0 ± 16.2 | 0.138 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 30.2 ± 6.3 | 30.2 ± 6.4 | 30.1 ± 5.9 | 0.668 | | Lean mass (kg) | 39.1 ± 6.0 | 39.0 ± 6.1 | 39.3 ± 5.9 | 0.316 | | Lean mass (%) | 51.5 ± 6.6 | 51.3 ± 6.7 | 52.1 ± 6.5 | 0.005 | | Fat mass (%) | 45.7 ± 6.9 | 45.9 ± 7.0 | 45.1 ± 6.7 | 0.009 | | Appendicular lean mass (%) | 45.7 ± 6.8 | 45.3 ± 6.9 | 46.5 ± 6.7 | <0.001 | | Medical history | | | | | | Diabetes treatment | 327 (12.4) | 189 (10.2) | 138 (17.7) | <0.001 | | Polypharmacy (≥5) | 980 (37.1) | 623 (33.5) | 357 (45.7) | <0.001 | | Depressive symptoms | 375 (14.6) | 271 (15.0) | 104 (13.7) | 0.399 | | Arthritis | 1653 (62.9) | 1163 (62.8) | 490 (62.9) | 0.973 | | Cancer | 216 (8.22) | 151 (8.15) | 65 (8.37) | 0.857 | | Cardiovascular disease | 726 (27.9) | 527 (28.8) | 199 (25.7) | 0.112 | | General health | | | | 0.001 | | Excellent | 132 (5.02) | 105 (5.66) | 27 (3.48) | | | Very good | 661 (25.1) | 480 (25.9) | 181 (23.4) | | | Good | 1231 (46.8) | 876 (47.3) | 355 (45.8) | | | Fair/poor | 605 (23.0) | 393 (21.2) | 212 (27.4) | | | Physical function construct <90 | 1808 (70.1) | 1276 (70.2) | 532 (69.9) | 0.888 | | Hormone replacement therapy | | | | 0.686 | | Never used | 1288 (48.8) | 914 (49.2) | 374 (47.8) | | | Past use | 465 (17.6) | 320 (17.2) | 145 (18.5) | | | Current use | 888 (33.6) | 625 (33.6) | 263 (33.6) | | | Diet | | | | | | Energy intake (kcal/d) | 1656 ± 724 | 1681 ± 735 | 1595 ± 694 | 0.006 | | Protein intake (%) | 16.6 ± 3.3 | 16.5 ± 3.3 | 16.8 ± 3.3 | 0.035 | | Healthy Eating Index | 65.4 ± 11.3 | 65.1 ± 11.4 | 66.2 ± 11.0 | 0.023 |
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ACE-inhibitor, ACE-I; angiotensin receptor blocker, ARB; cardiovascular disease, body mass index, BMI; Healthy Eating Index, HEI; hormone replacement therapy, HRT; neighborhood socioeconomic status, NSES; standard deviation, SD; †missing data: NSES 42; smoking 41; physical activity 9; blood pressure (systolic/diastolic) 2/3; height 15; weight 4; BMI 19; diabetes 6; depression 72; arthritis 12; cancer 13; CVD 36; general health 13; physical function 63; HRT 1; diet (energy, protein, HEI) 125. |
