Associations between ACE-Inhibitors, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, and Lean Body Mass in Community Dwelling Older Women

Table 3

Association between ACE-I/ARB use over time and change in lean mass in hypertensive women from the Women’s Health Initiative.

	Baseline to year 3; β (SE);		Baseline to year 6; β (SE);
	Model 1^†	Model 2^‡	Model 1^†	Model 2^‡
Lean mass (kg)
Nonuser	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Intermediate user	0.06 (0.10); 0.54	0.10 (0.10); 0.34	0.08 (0.15); 0.59	0.08 (0.15); 0.58
User	0.07 (0.11); 0.52	0.18 (0.11); 0.12	0.23 (0.16); 0.16	0.29 (0.16); 0.08
Lean mass (%)
Nonuser	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Intermediate user	−0.14 (0.16); 0.40	−0.15 (0.16); 0.34	−0.14 (0.22); 0.53	−0.28 (0.22); 0.21
User	−0.33 (0.18); 0.07	−0.31 (0.18); 0.09	−0.04 (0.25); 0.87	−0.05 (0.25); 0.85
Appendicular lean mass (%)
Nonuser	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Intermediate user	−0.06 (0.17); 0.71	−0.08 (0.17); 0.65	−0.04 (0.23); 0.85	−0.18 (0.23); 0.43
User	−0.23 (0.19); 0.23	−0.22 (0.20); 0.27	0.17 (0.25); 0.49	0.17 (0.25); 0.51

ACE-inhibitor, ACE-I; angiotensin receptor blocker, ARB; ^†Model 1 adjusted for scanner serial number and baseline lean mass measure; ^‡Model 2 further adjusted for age, neighborhood socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, smoking, physical activity (baseline and year 3), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, height, diabetes, polypharmacy, depressive symptoms, arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular disease, hormone replacement therapy use, general health, physical function, dietary energy, dietary protein, healthy eating index, and clinical trial arm(s). Multiple imputation was used to fill in missing values for covariates (see Methods for details and Table 1 footnote for missing data frequencies).