Effects of Physical Exercise Programs on Sarcopenia Management, Dynapenia, and Physical Performance in the Elderly: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

Table 2

Muscle mass, strength, and muscle quality mean differences between groups.

Muscle mass (kg)

Muscle strength

Muscle quality

Baseline

After exercise

Mean difference

Baseline

After exercise

Mean difference

Baseline

After exercise

Mean difference

Study

I

C

I

C

I

C

I

C

I

C

I

C

Strasser et al. [6]

17.8

17.7

18.3

18.2

I: 0.5; C: 0.5

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

^&10.1

^&11.5

^&12.1

^&9.9

I: 2.0

Liao et al. [7]

36.5

37.0

36.8

36.5

I: 0.28; C: −0.44

^#13.6

^#15.26

^#21.17

^#13.59

I: 7.57; C: −1.67

^£2.47

^£2.95

^£4.07

^£2.49

I: 1.6

Kim et al.[8]

15.79

16.86

13.0

12.9

I: −2.79; C: −3.9 6

181.3

197.5

202.7

204.1

I: 21.4; C: 6.6

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Kim et al. [9]

14.79

13.96

14.45

14.11

I: 1.23; C: −0.34

^$51.39

^$47.54

^$49.73

^$43.13

I: −1.66; C: −4.41

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Kim et al. [10]

13.9

13.57

14.19

13.67

I: 0.29; C: 0.1

^&1.12

^&1.14

^&1.14

^&1.0

I: 0.02; C: −0.14

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

I: intervention; C: control; NA not available; ^#N: Newton; ^$Nm: Newton meter; ^&Nm/kg: Newton meter/kilogram; ^£N/kg” Newton/kilogram; ASM: appendicular skeletal muscle mass; FFM: fat free mass.