The Efficacy of Functional and Traditional Exercise on the Body Composition and Determinants of Physical Fitness of Older Women: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Table 2

Efficacy of functional training (FT) and traditional training (TT) on the physical fitness related to daily activities and the quality of movement patterns of physically active elderly women.

	Moments	TT ⟶ FT (n = 13)			FT ⟶ TT (n = 19)	SG (n = 16)
Sit and reach (cm)	Baseline	TT	2.80 ± 6.92	FT	1.76 ± 6.29	2.62 ± 9.83
	Post_12_w		5.84 ± 7.04^A		4.71 ± 7.12^A	5.21 ± 11.42^A
	∆%—ES		108.57–0.44		167.61–0.47	98.85–0.26
	Post_20_w	FT	6.25 ± 5.78	TT	3.73 ± 7.84	3.50 ± 8.87
	Post_32_w		9.59 ± 5.21^AC		6.36 ± 7.70^AC	5.96 ± 9.42^C
	∆%—ES		53.44–0.58		70.51–0.34	70.29–0.28
Back scratch (cm)	Baseline	TT	−4.36 ± 6.68	FT	−4.60 ± 6.26	−1.04 ± 6.59
	Post_12_w		−2.82 ± 6.29^A		−3.48 ± 6.31^A	0.08 ± 6.91^A
	∆%—ES		54.61–0.23		32.18–0.18	107.69–0.17
	Post_20_w	FT	−3.68 ± 6.63	TT	−6.24 ± 6.82^B	−0.73 ± 6.96
	Post_32_w		−1.95 ± 6.63^C		−4.30 ± 6.70^C	1.06 ± 7.09^C
	∆%—ES		47.01–0.26		31.09–0.28	245.21–0.26
Time up go (sec)	Baseline	TT	5.11 ± 0.69	FT	5.04 ± 0.54	4.82 ± 0.53
	Post_12_w		4.57 ± 0.48^A+		4.32 ± 0.36^A+	5.10 ± 0.61
	∆%—ES		10.57–0.78		14.29–1.33	5.81 to −0.53
	Post_20_w	FT	4.59 ± 0.54^A	TT	4.65 ± 0.39^B	4.71 ± 0.56^B
	Post_32_w		4.19 ± 0.63^ABC+		4.21 ± 0.35^AC+	4.76 ± 0.53^B
	∆%—ES		8.71–0.74		9.46–1.13	1.06 to −0.09
Sit-to-stand (rep)	Baseline	TT	16.38 ± 3.37	FT	15.68 ± 2.45	15.95 ± 3.19
	Post_12_w		19.00 ± 4.22^A		20.89 ± 3.19^A+	16.50 ± 2.19
	∆%—ES		16.00–0.78		33.23–2.13	3.45–0.17
	Post_20_w	FT	18.23 ± 2.61	TT	18.26 ± 3.55^AB	17.25 ± 2.64
	Post_32_w		21.61 ± 3.54^ABC+		21.00 ± 4.59^AC+	16.50 ± 2.09
	∆%—ES		18.41–0.95		15.01–0.77	−4.35 to −0.28
Elbow flexion (rep)	Baseline	TT	19.92 ± 4.28	FT	19.52 ± 3.68	18.90 ± 3.44
	Post_12_w		22.73 ± 4.47^A+		23.39 ± 3.57^A+	18.68 ± 3.73
	∆%—ES		14.11–0.66		19.83–1.05	−1.16 to −0.06
	Post_20_w	FT	22.46 ± 2.96^A	TT	22.13 ± 3.36^A	22.71 ± 3.96^AB
	Post_32_w		27.07 ± 3.08^ABC+		25.18 ± 3.46^AC+	21.67 ± 3.52^AB
	∆%—ES		20.53–1.56		13.78–0.91	−4.58 to −0.26
Six-minute walk (m)	Baseline	TT	536.93 ± 59.21	FT	551.33 ± 51.30	549.59 ± 51.11
	Post_12_w		563.11 ± 51.47		590.49 ± 40.27^A+	548.46 ± 54.79
	∆%—ES		4.88–0.44		7.10–0.76	−0.21 to −0.02
	Post_20_w	FT	553.74 ± 53.17	TT	572.41 ± 44.87	566.73 ± 40.44
	Post_32_w		587.34 ± 48.62^AC+		593.47 ± 44.08^AC+	541.44 ± 50.66^C
	∆%—ES		6.07–0.63		3.68–0.47	−4.46 to −0.63
Functional Movement Screen (points)	Baseline	TT	9.38 ± 2.29	FT	9.00 ± 2.64	8.75 ± 2.32
	Post_12_w		10.15 ± 2.30		12.00 ± 2.02^A+	9.93 ± 2.54
	∆%—ES		8.21–0.34		33.33–1.14	13.49–0.51
	Post_20_w	FT	10.23 ± 1.87	TT	9.36 ± 3.13^B	9.75 ± 2.95
	Post_32_w		11.53 ± 2.50^A		10.78 ± 2.78^AC	9.93 ± 3.02
	∆%—ES		12.71–0.70		15.17–0.45	1.85–0.06

Values presented in mean and standard deviation (M ± SD). Post_12: 12 weeks of functional training, post_20: 8 weeks of no training, and post_32: 12 weeks of traditional training. ^A vs. baseline, ^B vs. post_12, ^C vs. post_20, ⁺ vs. SG, ^≠ vs. TT, and ^# vs. FT. SG: stretching group. w: weeks. Δ%: percent change. ES: effect size: small: 0.2; median: 0.5; large: 0.8; very large: >1.3.