Handgrip Strength Cut-Off Values for the Undernutrition Risk Screening among Elderly Men and Women in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Table 1
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of study participants.
Variable
Community-dwellers
Nursing home residents
Men (n = 141)
Women (n = 159)
Men (n = 54)
Women (n = 92)
Age, years (SD)
73.78 (6.74)
72.69 (5.60)
81.30 (6.93)
81.80 (6.18)
<0.001
Education, n (%)
Primary
102 (53)
198 (79)
40 (74)
75 (82)
<0.001
High school
73 (37)
50 (20)
11 (20)
16 (17)
University
20 (10)
3 (1)
3 (6)
1 (1)
Chronic diseases, n (SD)
2.30 (1.71)
2.20 (1.70)
2.93 (1.16)
3.17 (1.03)
<0.001
Medical visits, n (SD)
9.38 (3.98)
9.58 (4.47)
4.89 (2.56)
5.03 (2.43)
<0.001
Hospitalizations, n (SD)
0.46 (1.13)
0.40 (0.77)
0.43 (0.81)
0.43 (0.70)
0.034
Medications, n (SD)
3.82 (2.23)
3.94 (2.28)
6.61 (2.46)
7.32 (2.16)
<0.001
Body mass index (kg/m2)
26.92 (3.85)
28.84 (5.25)
26.07 (4.91)
25.47 (4.93)
<0.001
Weight (kgF)
82.15 (13.08)
75.08 (13.97)
73.35 (15.00)
64.91 (13,78)
<0.001
Height (cm)
174.61 (7.35)
161.55 (7.13)
167.70 (9.31)
159.5 (8.01)
<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)
100.95 (12.10)
94.96 (12.93)
95.38 (14.66)
90.18 (11.24)
<0.001
Skinfold measurement (mm)
14.86 (7.27)
18.64 (6.72)
15.79 (2.64)
14.93 (2.85)
<0.001
Calf circumference (cm)
32.53 (4.13)
32.66 (6.29)
29.52 (3.12)
28.12 (2.89)
<0.001
Mid-arm muscle circumference (cm)
27.60 (3.50)
27.49 (3.67)
25.29 (2.65)
25.44 (3.33)
<0.001
SCREEN II
High risk of undernutrition
121 (86)
127 (80)
54 (100)
92 (100)
<0.001
Moderate risk of undernutrition
18 (13)
26 (16)
0
0
Without risk
2 (1)
6 (4)
0
0
MNA
Without undernutrition
82 (58)
96 (60)
2 (4)
7 (8)
<0.001
With risk of undernutrition
59 (42)
62 (39)
48 (89)
72 (78)
Undernutrition
0 (0)
1(1)
4 (7)
13 (14)
6-CIT test
No cognitive Impairments
96 (49)
109 (43)
10 (19)
32 (26)
<0.001
Cognitive impairments
99 (51)
142 (57)
44 (81)
60 (64)
Timed up and go test (sec)
12.67 (7.77)
12.89 (7.72)
28.15 (8.71)
28.58 (7.68)
<0.001
Functional reach test (cm)
31.73 (11.97)
29.62 (10.47)
16.69 (6.66)
15.91 (6.01)
<0.001
Katz index, score (SD)
5.99 (0.08)
5.99 (0.07)
3.70 (1.84)
3.82 (1.95)
<0.001
HGS-left arm (kgF)
21.38 (6.61)
17.54 (4.82)
15.44 (6.20)
14.41 (6.70)
<0.001
HGS-right arm (kgF)
24.05 (8.15)
20.23 (4.95)
19.81 (6.23)
18.55 (7.19)
<0.001
Albumin (g/l)
45.80 (2.36)
46.00 (7.17)
44.23 (4.89)
43.65 (4.35)
0.047
Ferritin (ng/mmol)
192.19 (142.54)
99.58 (70.22)
212.47 (164.99)
149.14 (114.27)
0.028
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)
5.34 (1.06)
5.55 (1.07)
5.41 (0.96)
5.10 (1.22)
0.236
Hemoglobin (g/l)
145.73 (13.58)
131.76 (12.08)
131.55 (19.61)
120.21 (15.31)
<0.001
Data for continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD. Categorical variables are presented as numbers and percentages. Screen II-seniors in the community: risk evaluation for eating and nutrition, version II among octogenarians. MNA-SF, Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. 6-CIT, Six-Item Cognitive Impairment Test HGS-handgrip strength. Significant values are in bold.
