Loneliness Relates to Functional Mobility in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: The Look AHEAD Study
Table 2
Adjusted associations with loneliness.
Outcome
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Beta
SE
value
Beta
SE
value
Beta
SE
value
Gait speed test (seconds)
0.192
0.022
<0.0001
0.097
0.026
0.0002
0.096
0.026
0.0003
Grip strength (right hand)
−0.382
0.097
<0.0001
−0.170
0.117
0.1471
−0.168
0.118
0.1530
400 m walk time
0.034
0.029
0.2451
0.038
0.035
0.2759
0.037
0.035
0.2839
SF-36 general health
0.140
0.011
<0.0001
0.035
0.012
0.0057
0.035
0.013
0.0058
HbA1c%
0.030
0.020
0.1372
0.009
0.023
0.6868
0.010
0.023
0.6632
OR
95% CI
value
OR
95% CI
value
OR
95% CI
value
PAT-D > 1
1.470
1.313–1.645
<0.0001
1.243
1.085–1.424
0.0017
1.245
1.087–0.427
0.0016
PHQ-9 > 0
1.897
1.723–2.088
<0.0001
1.752
1.585–1.938
<0.0001
1.754
1.586–1.939
<0.0001
Taking antidepressants
1.319
1.242–1.401
<0.0001
1.126
1.048–1.211
0.0013
1.127
1.048–1.211
0.0012
Note. Model 1: adjusts for age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Model 2: Model 1 plus depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) and antidepressant medication use. Also includes major diabetes med categories for HbA1c outcome (biguanide, insulin, sulfonylurea, and TZD) PHQ-9 outcome does not adjust for depressive symptoms. Taking antidepressants outcome does not adjust for antidepressant medication use. Model 3: Model 2 plus treatment arm.
