Ion-Acoustic Instabilities in a Multi-Ion Plasma

Figure 6

Plot of the growth rate 𝛾 (8) versus 𝑢_⟂𝑠 (𝑣_ts=350×10⁵cms⁻¹, 𝑘=0.004cm⁻¹). Other relevant parameters are the same as in Figure 5. Curve (a) is for a single ion plasma without any ring ions. Curve (b) has a H⁺ ring, curve (c) has an O⁺ ring, curve (d) has an O⁻ ring, and curve (e) has all species of ring ions.