State-of-Charge Estimation and Active Cell Pack Balancing Design of Lithium Battery Power System for Smart Electric Vehicle

Table 4

Comparison of different active cell balancing methods at 25°C.

	Capacitor	Switched capacitor (STSC)	Inductor	Proposed method	Transformer
Balancing speed	11330 s	8550 s	6833 s	5564 s	6064 s
Average state-of-charge; (efficiency)	90.0%	90.0%	89.2%	89.5%	89.3%
Cost	4	3	3	3	1
Size	3	2	3	3	1
Complexity	4	4	1	2	3

Note. Cost (4: cheap, 1: expensive); size (4: small, 1: big); complexity (4: low, 1: high).