Integrated Optimization of Bus Line Fare and Operational Strategies Using Elastic Demand

Figure 7

The effects of parameter related to additional service fee on optimal results.

(a) Objective function value ($/h)

(b) Operator profit ($/h)

(c) Consumer surplus ($/h)

(d) Demand (passengers/h)

(e) Fare per unit distance ($/km)

(f) Frequency of operational strategy (vehicles/h)