Optimal Design of Transportation Networks with Automated Vehicle Links and Congestion Pricing

Figure 6

(a) Variances of total travel-time cost with increasing percentage of OD demand when AV market penetration = 20%

(b) Variances of total travel-time cost with increasing percentage of OD demand when AV market penetration = 50%

(c) Variances of total travel-time cost with increasing percentage of OD demand when AV market penetration = 80%