Modeling and Predicting Stochastic Merging Behaviors at Freeway On-Ramp Bottlenecks

Table 1

Potential variables in the merging process.

Indicator	Notation	Unit
Remaining distance on acceleration lane		m
Speed of merging vehicle		m/s
Time gap
LD and LG		s
LD and LC
LC and LG
PE and LC
Space gap
LD and LG		m
LD and LC
LC and LG
PE and LC
Speed difference
LD and LC		m/s
LC and LG

Throughout the article, “gap” indicates time gap unless explicit noted.