Research Article

Multimodal Green Logistics Network Design of Urban Agglomeration with Stochastic Demand

Table 3

Comparison of the three logistics network design model performances.

ModelsTotal social welfare ($)Consumer surplus ($)Producer surplus ($)Percentage of combined transportAverage carbon emission rate (kg/ton-km)

Do-nothing2,449,6372,345,459104,1780%0.1320
DecentralizedTax3,889,7513,707,380182,37141.88%0.0739
Nontax3,879,7303,698,102181,62836.08%0.0752
CentralizedTax3,950,3083,765,081185,22742.00 %0.0730
Nontax3,927,7413,743,486184,25536.36%0.0741