| Models | Total social welfare ($) | Consumer surplus ($) | Producer surplus ($) | Percentage of combined transport | Average carbon emission rate (kg/ton-km) |
| Do-nothing | 2,449,637 | 2,345,459 | 104,178 | 0% | 0.1320 | Decentralized | Tax | 3,889,751 | 3,707,380 | 182,371 | 41.88% | 0.0739 | Nontax | 3,879,730 | 3,698,102 | 181,628 | 36.08% | 0.0752 | Centralized | Tax | 3,950,308 | 3,765,081 | 185,227 | 42.00 % | 0.0730 | Nontax | 3,927,741 | 3,743,486 | 184,255 | 36.36% | 0.0741 |
|
|