Measuring Retiming Responses of Passengers to a Prepeak Discount Fare by Tracing Smart Card Data: A Practical Experiment in the Beijing Subway

Table 1

Development of the Beijing subway in the last decade.

Year	Number of lines	Network length (km)	Annual ridership (billion)	Daily ridership (ten thousand)	Growth rate (%)
2008	8	200	1.22	332	/
2009	9	228	1.42	390	16.39
2010	14	336	1.85	506	30.28
2011	15	372	2.19	601	18.38
2012	16	442	2.46	673	12.33
2013	17	465	3.20	878	30.08
2014	18	527	3.39	929	5.94
2015	18	554	3.32	910	-2.06
2016	19	574	3.66	1003	10.24
2017	21	588	3.78	1035	3.27