Operational Considerations regarding On-Demand Air Mobility: A Literature Review and Research Challenges

Table 2

An overview of the ODAM port design and location problem.

Ref.	Region	Vehicle types	Problem size	Data type	Data avail.	Short summary
[32]	Miami, U. S.	STOL	15,666 potential park locations	FAA Obstacle Data Team’s database	No	The Miami metropolitan area showed that an average airpark geodensity of 1.66 airparks per square mile can be achieved with a 300-foot long runway.
[33]	South Florida, U. S.	STOL	Up to 10,310 parcels	U. S. Light Detection and Ranging data and NOAA	Partially	Doublet runways are needed to find suitable parcels in South Florida due to poor weather conditions; and the climb/descent gradient has to be greater than six degrees.
[20]	New York, U. S.	VTOL	10–85 sites	Taxi records	No	Certain locations including large facilities and smaller stops for New York City are suggested. The percentage of time savings and willingness to fly did not impact the location decision significantly, while the on-road travel limit does.
[34]	U. S.	VTOL	156 vertiports	Simulation data	No	The ratio of gates to touchdown and liftoff pads at a vertiport is a key design factor; vehicle staging stands are recommended; vertiports with multiple touchdown and liftoff pads which allow fully independent operations or simultaneous arrivals and departures would be beneficial as well.
[35]	Seoul, South Korea	VTOL	10–36 vertiports, 3 routes	Commuting data in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyunggi	Yes	The number of vertiports was based on the K-means clustering algorithm, based on the commuting data for three major routes in the case study of Seoul.
[36]	New York, U. S.	eVTOL	10 skyports	Taxi and Limousine Commission records for Jan. 2018	Yes	When the number of skyports , there is not much variation in the incoming demand; an even higher value () is required to achieve at least 10% market penetration.
[37]	San Francisco, U. S.	eVTOL	1–8 vertiports	Census tract data and population and income data	No	The objective function is to maximize the package demand served, with limits on the number of vertiports. Increasing the time threshold for the allowable driving time from the vertiport to the customer would result in a wider geographical distribution of vertiports.
[38]	San Francisco and Los Angeles, U. S.	eVTOL	10, 20, and 40 vertiports	Census data (LODES and ACS)	No	The objective function is to maximize the cumulative time saved in commuting throughout the network. Most appealing trips are relatively short-range trips in San Francisco; the strongest growth is in the central area for Los Angeles.

STOL = short takeoff and landing, VTOL = vertical takeoff and landing, and eVOTL = electric vertical takeoff and landing.