Research Article

Prediction of Train Arrival Delay Using Hybrid ELM-PSO Approach

Table 5

Model performance comparison on test set for the five models for different delay bins.

Delay bin (seconds)ModelRMSEMAER-squared

[0, 1200]ELM-PSO0.52010.30060.9655
CB1.26280.92230.7967
GBDT1.39680.98860.7513
Lasso1.09570.79030.8469
KNN1.01950.52780.8675

>1200ELM-PSO5.60092.82490.9924
CB6.23353.19860.9906
GBDT8.07334.85890.9843
Lasso6.50233.11690.9898
KNN9.02474.86110.9804

All delayed trains (>240)ELM-PSO3.31161.34570.9951
CB4.04692.26800.9927
GBDT5.15613.14980.9881
Lasso3.92511.74180.9931
KNN5.58782.88280.9860