Prediction and Analysis of Train Passenger Load Factor of High-Speed Railway Based on LightGBM Algorithm

Table 2

Performance comparison of LightGBM, XGBoost, and ARIMA models.

Algorithm	Train set MAE	Test set MAE
LightGBM	0.071622	0.082692
XGBoost	0.080532	0.093274
ARIMA (7, 8)	0.113674	0.135241