Research Article

Automatic Guided Vehicles Introduction Impacts to Roll-On/Roll-Off Terminals: Simulation and Cost Model Analysis

Table 3

Parameters of the cost model and their values.

Parameter descriptionSymbolUnitValue

Litres of diesel consumed per 100 km by the van1 L/100 km12
Electricity consumed per 100 km by the AGVs1 kwh/100 km20
Price per litre of diesel€/L1.24
Price per kilowatt-hour of electricity€/kwh0.25
Travel distance for a van per loading processkm590
Travel distance by AGVs per loading processkm4720
Total working hours per loading processh26
Hourly pay for a stevedore€/h19
Hourly pay for an AGV operator€/h19
Number of loading processes per year120
Number of stevedoresPerson16
Number of gangsGroup3
Total number of AGVsVehicle35
Number of AGVs in operationVehicle29
Number of spare AGVsVehicle6
Total service cost per van for a year€/year1000
Total service cost per AGV for a year€/year1000
Price per shuttle van€/vehicle150,000
Price per AGV€/vehicle38,000
Land lease rate per square metre€/m215
Surface area per charging stationm230
CO2 emissions from a vehicle per kilometreg224
CO2 emissions from the van per kilometreg50
CO2 emissions from an AGV per kilometreg230
CO2 price per tonne€/t50
Cost of the charging station and parking garageStation5,000