The Fate of Integrated Ri T-DNA rol Genes during Regeneration via Somatic Embryogenesis in Tylophora indica
Table 2
Phenotypical stability of Ri-transformed plant line A428#2, maintained in vitro. Data based on average of 30 plants derived from shoot tips cultured for 12 weeks on MS medium.
Morphological descriptors
Shoot tips derived from Ri-transformed plant line A428#2
After 1 year of maintenance in vitro
After 2 years of maintenance in vitro
After 3 years of maintenance in vitro
Shoot length (cm)
6.9 ± 0.36
7.37 ± 0.55
7.67 ± 1.2
Number of nodes/plant
9.33 ± 0.57
9.33 ± 1.54
10 ± 2.33
Internode length (cm)
0.73 ± 0.15
0.73 ± 0.23
0.6 ± 0.17
Number of leaves/plant
18.67 ± 1.14
18.67 ± 2.3
20 ± 2.5
Leaf wrinkling
Present
Present
Present
Length of leaf (cm)
2.26 ± 0.25
2 ± 0.5
2.06 ± 0.12
Shape of edges
Smooth
Smooth
Smooth
Petiole length (cm)
0.37 ± 0.06
0.37 ± 0.06
0.4 ± 0.1
Axillary shoots
Present
Present
Present
Aerial roots
Present
Present
Present
Number of primary roots/plant
7.67 ± 0.58
6.33 ± 1.15
6.67 ± 0.57
Root length (cm)
17.57 ± 2.5
15.33 ± 2.08
15.68 ± 3.79
Lateral root density (number of lateral roots/cm)
2.53 ± 0.30
2.16 ± 0.40
2.51 ± 0.79
Root ageotropism
Present
Present
Present
Values represent mean ± SD; each experiment is repeated three times. Means in each row were not significantly different according to ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test ().
