Direct Numerical Simulations of the Impact of High Turbulence Intensities and Volume Viscosity on Premixed Methane Flames

Figure 4

Instantaneous profiles of laminar premixed methane-air flame with (circle points) and without (solid line) volume viscosity in the reaction progress variable space, showing the (a) heat release rate and H₂O mass fraction and (b) HO₂, H₂O₂, O, and OH radicals at 𝑡=1.0 millisecond.

(a)

(b)