Hormonal and Sex Impact on the Epidemiology of Canine Lymphoma

Table 1

Sex distribution of lymphoma dogs evaluated in the VMDB (1964–2002).

Sex	Case (%)	Control (%)
All Females	6,936 (47.6)	582,941 (50.4)
All Males	7,637 (52.4)	574,401 (49.6)
Female Intact	1,704 (11.7)	301,208 (26.0)
Female Spayed	5,232 (35.9)	281,733 (24.4)
Male Intact	4,437 (30.4)	435,313 (37.6)
Male Castrated	3,200 (22.0)	139,088 (12.0)