Socioeconomic, Rural-Urban, and Racial Inequalities in US Cancer Mortality: Part I—All Cancers and Lung Cancer and Part II—Colorectal, Prostate, Breast, and Cervical Cancers

Table 9

Race-specific socioeconomic disparities in colorectal, prostate, breast, and cervical cancer mortality rates per 100,000 population, relative risks (RRs), and gradients in mortality within metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas of the United States, 2003–2007.

	Metropolitan areas							Nonmetropolitan areas
	SES decile 1		SES decile 10		RR^1	Deprivation gradient		SES decile 1		SES decile 10^4		RR^1	Deprivation gradient
	Rate	SE	Rate	SE		𝑏^2	SE^3	Rate	SE	Rate	SE		𝑏^2	SE^3
Colorectal cancer mortality, total population
White	16.96	0.20	16.04	0.11	1.06*	−0.030*	0.004	19.19	0.15	14.61	1.84	1.31*	−0.063*	0.006
Black	24.51	0.51	22.34	0.56	1.10*	−0.039*	0.013	26.27	0.46				−0.123*	0.026
Colorectal cancer mortality, male
White	21.17	0.34	19.12	0.19	1.11*	−0.057*	0.006	23.53	0.26	16.26	3.00	1.45*	−0.109*	0.012
Black	30.20	0.95	26.65	1.01	1.13*	−0.076*	0.025	32.72	0.82				−0.068	0.094
Colorectal cancer mortality, female
White	13.64	0.24	13.78	0.14	0.99	−0.016*	0.004	15.81	0.19	13.75	2.39	1.15*	−0.057*	0.008
Black	21.21	0.60	19.45	0.66	1.09*	−0.020	0.014	21.89	0.54				−0.120*	0.039
Prostate cancer mortality
White	22.89	0.37	22.70	0.22	1.01	0.011	0.007	23.70	0.27	23.43	3.75	1.01	−0.033*	0.012
Black	52.79	1.33	46.42	1.47	1.14*	−0.125*	0.037	62.86	1.20				−0.382*	0.074
Breast cancer mortality
White	23.16	0.31	23.97	0.18	0.97*	0.007	0.005	23.04	0.23	17.46	2.40	1.32*	−0.044*	0.009
Black	31.38	0.73	29.35	0.76	1.07*	−0.045*	0.016	33.91	0.68				−0.118*	0.059
Cervical cancer mortality
White	3.20	0.12	1.51	0.05	2.12*	−0.032*	0.002	3.07	0.09	1.07	0.26	2.87*	−0.064*	0.006
Black	5.30	0.30	3.00	0.24	1.77*	−0.039*	0.005	6.10	0.29				−0.033	0.021

Metropolitan areas consist of large metro counties with population ≥1 million and smaller metro counties of population <250,000.
Nonmetropolitan areas consist of small urban towns with a population <20,000 and rural towns with a population <2,500.
Mortality rates are age adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. ^∗𝑃<0.05.
¹Relative risk is the ratio of the mortality rate for SES decile 1 (the most deprived group) to that for SES decile 10 (the most affluent group).
²Slope or unstandardized regression coefficient associated with the continuous deprivation index. ³Standard error of slope.
⁴Number of deaths was too small (<5) among nonmetro black men and women in the 10th SES decile to compute reliable mortality rates.