Serum Lipid Profiles and Cancer Risk in the Context of Obesity: Four Meta-Analyses

Table 1

Details of included studies.

Author (y)	Country	Cases/controls	Study Type	Cancer(s) included	Mean age (SE)/age range	Timing of measurement	Measurement method	Cholesterol measure	Adjusted for
Inoue et al. (2009) [63]	Japan	1263/26461	Cohort	Colon/rectum and breast	56.0 (8.2)	Fasting and nonfasting	NS	TGs, HDL	Adjusted for age, study area, smoking status, weekly ethanol intake, and total serum cholesterol
Iso et al. (2009) [64]	Japan	1093/32275	Cohort	Colorectal, prostate, leukemia, breast and cervical	54.0	Fasting and nonfasting	Enzymatic	TC	Age, BMI, pack year of smoking, ethanol intake, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia medication use, total vegetable intake, coffee intake, and public health centre
Kitahara et al. (2011) [65]	Korea	44935/; 1144784	Cohort	Oesophagus, colon/rectum, pancreas, prostate, kidney, and gallbladder	30–95	Fasting	NS	TC	Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, physical activity, hypertension, and fasting serum glucose
Mainous et al. (2005) [66]	USA	203/3075	Cohort	Cancer	30+	12 hr fasting	NS	HDL	Age, gender, smoking status, and BMI
Melvin et al. (2012) [67]	Sweden	6871/; 227603	Cohort	Breast and ovarian	25+	Fasting and nonfasting	Enzymatic and immunoturbidimetric	TC, TGs, HDL, ApoA	Glucose, TGs, TC, age, parity fasting status, and SES
Chang et al. (2007) [68]	Turkey	150/71	Case	Breast	49.2 (11.8)	12 hr fasting	Enzymatic	TC, TGs, HDL, ApoA	HDL, apoA-I, apoB, ApoA-I/ApoB ratio, and VLDL
Furberg et al. (2004) [69]	Norway	1287/; 27912	Cohort	Breast	43.6 (0.1)	Nonfasting	Enzymatic	HDL	Age, country of residence, parity, height, TC, recreational and occupation activity. Some models also included blood pressure, BMI, TGs, age at first birth, time since last meal, dietary energy, and fat intake
Ha et al. (2009) [70]	Korea	714/169660	Cohort	Breast	55.9 (5.0)	Fasting	NS	TC	Age and BMI
Hayashi et al. (2012) [71]	Japan	377/528	Case		>60	Fasting	NS	TGs	Age, PSA level, prostatic volume, BMI, and TGs level
Kaye et al. (2002) [72]	USA	158/725	Case	Breast	50–79	NS	NS	TC	NS
Kim et al. (2009) [73]	Korea	690/1380	Case	Breast	48.5 (7.6)	8 hr fasting	Enzymatic	TGs, HDL	HDL, age, family history of breast cancer, age at menarche, age at the first full-term pregnancy, and total cholesterol
Lindemann et al. (2009) [74]	Norway	100/31273	Cohort	Endometrial	56.1	Nonfasting	Enzymatic	TC, TGs, HDL	Age, other lipids, and BMI
Cust et al. (2007) [75]	France	284/546	Case	Endometrial	56.9	Fasting and nonfasting	Enzymatic	TC, TGs, HDL	Age, laboratory batch, and case-control status
Seth et al. (2012) [76]	Sweden	1144/; 224288	Cohort	Endometrial	25+	Fasting and nonfasting	Enzymatic and immunoturbidimetric	TC, TGs, HDL, ApoA	Glucose, TC, TGs, age, parity, fasting status, and SES
Magura et al. (2008) [77]	USA	312/319	Case	Prostate	50–74	NS	NS	TC, TGs, HDL	Age, family history of prostate cancer, BMI, type 2 diabetes, smoking, and multivitamin use
Mondul et al. (2010) [78]	USA	438/6378	Cohort	Prostate	35+	NS	Enzymatic	TC	Age, race, BMI, education level, smoking status, intake of meat, dairy, tomato products and alcohol, family history of prostate cancer, PSA screening, and use of diabetes medications
Mondul et al. (2011) [79]	USA	2041/27052	Cohort	Prostate	50–69	NS	Enzymatic	TC, HDL	Age, serum α-tocopherol, family history of PCA, education level, and urban residence
Platz et al. (2009) [80]	USA	1251/4335	Cohort	Prostate	63.1	Nonfasting	Enzymatic	TC	Age, race, first-degree family history of prostate cancer, BMI, self-reported diabetes mellitus, regular aspirin use, and history of myocardial infarction
Van Hemelrijck et al. (2011) [81]	Sweden	2008/65719	Cohort	Prostate	35+	Fasting and nonfasting	Enzymatic and immunoturbidimetric	HDL, ApoA	Age, glucose, TGs, and TC, fasting status, and SES.
Van Hemelrijck et al. (2011) [82]	Sweden	5112/; 195548	Cohort	Prostate	45–75	Fasting and nonfasting	Enzymatic and immunoturbidimetric	TC, TGs	Glucose and/or TGs and/or TC, SES, fasting status, and time between measurements and entry
Bravi et al. (2005) [83]	Italy	1294/1451	Case	Prostate	46–74	NS	NS	TC	Age, centre, education, BMI, physical activity, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and family history of prostate cancer
Tsushima et al. (2005) [84]	USA	1004/21255	Cohort	Colorectal	NS	Nonfasting	NS	TGs	Age, elapsed time since last calorific intake and 50 g glucose load, BMI, heart rate, cigarette smoking history, alcohol intake, and 24 h intake of total calories
Van Duijnhoven et al. (2011) [85]	W. Europe	939/939	Cohort	Colorectal	35–70	Fasting and nonfasting	Enzymatic	TC, TGs, HDL, ApoA	Age, gender, BMI, other lipids, height, weight, smoking habits, physical activity, education, consumption of fruit, vegetables, meat, fish, and alcohol, intake of fibre, energy from fat, and energy from nonfat
Chung et al. (2006) [86]	Korea	105/105	Case	Colorectal	58.6 (8.3)	12 hr fasting	Enzymatic	TC, TGs	Age, gender, BMI, glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol
Van Hemelrijck et al. (2012) [87]	Sweden	156/82391	Cohort	Kidney	20+	Fasting and nonfasting	Enzymatic and immunoturbidimetric	TC, TGs, HDL, ApoA	Age, gender, glucose, TGs and TC, creatinine levels, fasting status, and SES
Andreotti et al. (2008) [88]	USA	264/1839	Case	Biliary	34–75	Overnight fasting	NS	TC, TGs, HDL, ApoA	Age, gender, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, hypertension, diabetes, and gallstone status
Asano et al. (2008) [89]	Japan	97/2507	Cohort	Gastric	59.2 (0.3)	Fasting and nonfasting	Enzymatic	TC	Age and gender

NS: not specified; BMI: body mass index; TC: total cholesterol; TGs: triglycerides; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; ApoA: apolipoprotein A-I; ApoB: apolipoprotein B; VLDL: very low-density lipoprotein.