Research Article
The Role of Neighborhood Characteristics in Late Stage Melanoma Diagnosis among Hispanic Men in California, Texas, and Florida, 1996–2012
Table 4
Contextual characteristics of Hispanic men diagnosed with melanoma by stage in California, Texas, and Florida, 1996–2012.
| | | California | Texas | Florida |
| | Contextual variables | Early | value | Late | Early | value | Late | Early | value | Late | | Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) |
| | Education (% less than ) | | | | | | | | | | | 0–14.9% | 941 (41.6) | <0.0001 | 181 (25.4) | 2302 (58.6) | <0.0001 | 376 (34.6) | 2210 (59.6) | <0.0001 | 323 (40.1) | | 15–24.9% | 382 (16.9) | 118 (16.6) | 752 (19.2) | 232 (21.4) | 749 (20.2) | 184 (22.9) | | 25–39.9% | 415 (18.4) | 156 (21.9) | 502 (12.8) | 214 (19.7) | 426 (11.5) | 168 (20.9) | | 40–100% | 435 (19.3) | 237 (33.3) | 315 (8.0) | 241 (22.2) | 166 (4.5) | 95 (11.8) | | Missing | 87 (3.9) | 20 (2.8) | 56 (1.4) | 23 (2.1) | 159 (4.3) | 35 (4.4) | | % of tract Hispanics living below the FPL | | | | | | | | | | | <10% | 1072 (47.4) | <0.0001 | 242 (34.0) | 2109 (53.7) | <0.0001 | 349 (32.1) | 2076 (56.0) | <0.0001 | 315 (39.1) | | 10–19.9% | 643 (28.5) | 227 (31.9) | 1087 (27.7) | 309 (28.5) | 1085 (29.3) | 267 (33.2) | | ≥20% | 459 (20.3) | 220 (30.9) | 689 (17.6) | 408 (37.6) | 386 (10.4) | 190 (23.6) | | Missing | 86 (3.8) | 23 (3.2) | 42 (1.1) | 20 (1.8) | 163 (4.4) | 33 (4.1) | | Median household income | | | | | | | | | | | 7,594–$42,064 | 787 (34.8) | <0.0001 | 340 (47.8) | 853 (21.7) | <0.0001 | 424 (39.0) | 782 (21.1) | <0.0001 | 259 (32.2) | | 42,065–$52,506 | 490 (21.7) | 165 (23.2) | 684 (17.4) | 224 (20.6) | 619 (17.4) | 132 (16.4) | | 52,507–$65,310 | 391 (17.3) | 101 (14.2) | 678 (17.3) | 162 (14.9) | 670 (18.1) | 126 (15.7) | | 65,311–$87,847 | 303 (13.4) | 50 (7.0) | 810 (20.6) | 143 (13.2) | 648 (17.5) | 111 (13.8) | | 87,848–$244,876 | 213 (9.4) | 36 (5.1) | 872 (22.2) | 116 (10.7) | 837 (22.6) | 144 (17.9) | | Missing | 76 (3.4) | 20 (2.8) | 30 (0.8) | 17 (1.6) | 154 (4.2) | 33 (4.1) |
| | Ethnic concentration measures | Early ( = 2260) | value | Late ( = 487) | Early ( = 3928) | value | Late () | Early ( = 3710) | value | Late ( = 652) | | Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) |
| | % of tract Hispanics who say they speak English not well or not at all | | | | | | | | | | | 0–3 | 304 (13.5) | <0.0001 | 54 (7.58) | 870 (22.2) | <0.0001 | 148 (13.6) | 803 (21.6) | <0.0001 | 118 (14.7) | | >3–10 | 467 (20.7) | 97 (13.6) | 1203 (30.6) | 257 (23.7) | 684 (18.4) | 98 (12.2) | | >10–25 | 821 (36.3) | 276 (38.8) | 1276 (32.5) | 417 (38.4) | 1171 (31.6) | 262 (32.6) | | >25 | 592 (26.2) | 265 (37.2) | 545 (13.9) | 246 (22.7) | 851 (22.9) | 295 (36.7) | | Missing | 76 (3.4) | 20 (2.8) | 33 (0.8) | 18 (1.7) | 201 (5.4) | 32 (4.0) | | % of a tract’s Hispanic residents who are foreign-born or born outside of the 50 states/DC | | | | | | | | | | | <25 | 483 (21.4) | <0.0001 | 102 (14.3) | 1875 (47.8) | <0.0001 | 430 (39.6) | 201 (5.4) | <0.0001 | 29 (3.6) | | >25–40 | 788 (34.9) | 224 (31.5) | 1232 (31.4) | 337 (31.0) | 432 (11.6) | 74 (9.2) | | >40–65 | 882 (39.0) | 350 (49.2) | 74 (19.0) | 281 (25.9) | 1680 (45.3) | 302 (37.5) | | >65 | 31 (1.4) | 16 (2.3) | 41 (1.0) | 20 (1.8) | 1196 (32.2) | 368 (45.7) | | Missing | 76 (3.4) | 20 (2.8) | 32 (0.8) | 18.0 (1.7) | 201 (5.4) | 32 (4.0) | | % of a tract’s residents who are Hispanic | | | | | | | | | | | 0–20 | 763 (33.8) | <0.0001 | 134 (18.8) | 2103 (53.6) | <0.0001 | 393 (36.2) | 2270 (61.2) | <0.0001 | 346 (43.0) | | >20–40 | 514 (22.7) | 129 (18.1) | 866 (22.1) | 210 (19.3) | 542 (14.6) | 144 (17.9) | | >40–60 | 349 (15.4) | 134 (18.8) | 383 (9.8) | 131 (12.1) | 277 (7.5) | 72 (8.9) | | >60 | 559 (24.7) | 296 (41.6) | 546 (13.9) | 335 (30.9) | 472 (12.7) | 215 (26.7) | | Missing | 75 (3.3) | 19 (2.8) | 29 (0.7) | 17 (1.6) | 149 (4.0) | 28 (3.5) |
| | Healthcare resource allocation | Early ( = 2260) | value | Late ( = 487) | Early ( = 3928) | value | Late () | Early ( = 3710) | value | Late ( = 652) | | Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) |
| | Allocated primary care physicians that are clinically active (PCSA)/100,000 population | | | | | | | | | | | <57 | 411 (18.2) | <0.0001 | 172 (24.2) | 1207 (30.7) | <0.0001 | 482 (44.4) | 601 (16.2) | 0.1378 | 126 (15.6) | | 57–82 | 998 (44.2) | 356 (50.0) | 2013 (51.3) | 473 (43.6) | 2147 (57.9) | 498 (61.9) | | >82 | 776 (34.3) | 165 (23.2) | 679 (17.3) | 115 (10.6) | 814 (21.9) | 157 (19.5) | | Missing | 75 (3.3) | 19 (2.7) | 28 (0.7) | 16 (1.5) | 148 (4.0) | 24 (3.0) | | Medically underserved area | | | | | | | | | | | Not a MUA/P | 1718 (76.0) | <0.0001 | 19 (2.7) | 2483 (63.2) | <0.0001 | 572 (52.7) | 1886 (50.8) | <0.0001 | 367 (45.6) | | Med. unders. area | 332 (14.7) | 494 (69.4) | 1371 (34.9) | 467 (43.0) | 1184 (31.9) | 201 (25.0) | | Med. unders. pop. | 135 (6.0) | 143 (20.1) | 45 (1.2) | 31 (2.9) | 496 (13.4) | 213 (26.5) | | Missing | 75 (3.3) | 56 (7.9) | 28 (0.7) | 16 (1.5) | 144 (3.9) | 24 (3.0) |
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= high school.
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