Research Article

Use of Mastectomy for Overdiagnosed Breast Cancer in the United States: Analysis of the SEER 9 Cancer Registries

Table 2

Criteria used to rule out overdiagnosis.

Cases are ruled out from being overdiagnosed if they show any of the following…

(i) ≥2 invaded lymph nodes
(ii) ≥4 cm in diameter
(iii) Invasion to the pectoral fascia, muscle, or chest wall
(iv) Invasion to the skin of the breast with ulceration, or to the adjacent skin
(v) Distant metastasis