Changes in the Demographic and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Investigation in Algeria, 1993-2013

Table 2

Pathologic characteristics of thyroid cancer patients according to sex and the period of diagnosis.

Characteristics	Total ()	1993-1997 ()	1998-2002 ()	2003-2007 ()	2008-2013 ()		Total ()	1993-1997 ()	1998-2002 ()	2003-2007 ()	2008-2013 ()
	Women						Men
Nodules	()	()	()	()	()		()	()	()	()	()
Yes	916 (93.5)	60 (81.1)	153 (91.6)	240 (95.2)	463 (95.1)	<0.001	130 (90.3)	8 (80.0)	27 (96.4)	38 (92.7)	57 (87.7)
No	64 (6.5)	14 (18.9)	14 (8.4)	12 (4.8)	24 (4.9)		14 (9.7)	2 (20.0)	1 (3.6)	3 (7.3)	8 (12.3)	0.2
Unknown	268 (21.5)	22 (22.9)	88 (34.5)	45 (15.1)	113 (18.8)	NS	51 (26.1)	3 (23.1)	16 (57.1)	6 (12.8)	26 (28.6)	NS
Number of nodules	()	()	()	()	()		()	()	()	()	()
1	463 (62.5)	36 (78.3)	75 (72.1)	122 (60.1)	230 (59.3)	<0.01	62 (68.9)	4 (80.0)	8 (80.0)	19 (67.9)	31 (66.0)
≥2	278 (37.5)	10 (21.7)	29 (27.9)	81 (39.9)	158 (40.7)		28 (31.1)	1 (20.0)	2 (20.0)	9 (32.1)	16 (34.0)	0.81
Unknown	507 (40.6)	36 (37.5)	137 (53.7)	82 (27.6)	188 (31.3)	<0.05	105 (53.8)	8 (61.5)	33 (77.3)	19 (40.4)	44 (48.3)	NS
Tumor size (mm)						<0.01^†						0.048^†
Median (Min–Max)	20 (2-100)	30.6 (3-80)	30.0 (5-85)	23.5 (2-90)	20 (2-100)			25 (3-70)	(7-10)	21 (10-65)	31 (12-70)		20 (3-70)
	()	()	()	()	()	<0.001^†	()	()	()	()	()	0.03^†
≤10	138 (21.3)	2 (6.1)	13 (15.7)	32 (18.6)	91 (25.2)	0.014	13 (16.5)	2 (66.7)	3 (30.0)	0 (0)	8 (18.2)	<0.01
11-20	193 (29.7)	11 (33.3)	15 (18.1)	50 (29.1)	117 (32.4)	0.072	24 (30.4)	0 (0)	2 (20.0)	7 (31.8)	15 (34.1)	0.74
21-40	227 (35.0)	13 (39.4)	39 (47.0)	64 (37.2)	111 (30.7)	0.036	25 (31.6)	1 (33.3)	3 (30.0)	8 (36.4)	13 (29.5)	0.81
>40	91 (14.0)	7 (21.2)	16 (19.3)	26 (15.1)	42 (11.6)	0.15	17 (21.5)	0 (0)	2 (20.0)	7 (31.8)	8 (18.2)	0.56
Unknown	599 (47.9)	8 (8.3)	158 (61.9)	113 (38.0)	215 (35.8)	<0.05	102 (52.3)	8 (61.5)	33 (75.0)	22 (46.8)	39 (42.8)	NS
Carcinoma location	()	()	()	()	()		()	()	()	()	()
Nodule	432 (58.5)	25 (54.3)	67 (52.3)	107 (61.1)	233 (59.9)	0.18	75 (46.6)	4 (50.0)	19 (61.3)	21 (75.0)	31 (60.8)
Parenchyma	306 (41.5)	21 (45.7)	61 (47.7)	68 (38.9)	156 (40.1)		43 (26.7)	4 (50.0)	12 (38.7)	7 (25.0)	20 (39.2)	0.45
Unknown	446 (35.7)	36 (37.5)	113 (44.3)	110 (37.0)	187 (31.2)	<0.05	63 (32.3)	3 (23.1)	12 (27.3)	16 (34.0)	32 (35.1)	NS
Parenchyma status	()	()	()	()	()		()	()	()	()	()
Not invaded	238 (82.6)	5 (41.7)	22 (66.7)	58 (84.1)	153 (87.9)	<0.001	38 (77.6)	0 (0)	5 (50.0)	4 (33.3)	2 (8.0)
Invaded	50 (17.4)	7 (58.3)	11 (33.3)	11 (15.9)	21 (12.1)		11 (22.4)	2 (100)	5 (50.0)	8 (66.7)	23 (92.0)	0.025
Unknown	590 (47.3)	49 (51.0)	147 (57.6)	148 (49.8)	246 (41.0)	<0.05	89 (45.6)	5 (38.5)	21 (47.7)	25 (53.2)	38 (41.7)	NS
Capsular effractions	()	()	()	()	()	<0.001	()	()	()	()	()	NS
Yes	364 (57.7)	27 (55.1)	65 (70.7)	118 (75.6)	154 (46.1)	<0.001	45 (54.2)	7 (87.5)	5 (83.3)	15 (65.2)	18 (39.1)	0.012
No	267 (42.3)	22 (44.9)	27 (29.3)	38 (24.4)	180 (53.9)		38 (45.8)	1 (12.5)	1 (12.5)	8 (34.8)	28 (60.9)	NS
Unknown	617 (49.4)	47 (48.9)	163 (63.9)	141 (47.5)	266 (44.3)	<0.05	112 (57.4)	7 (53.8)	36 (81.8)	24 (51.1)	45 (49.5)	NS
Angioinvasions	()	()	()	()	()		()	()	()	()	()
Yes	282 (50.1)	21 (50.0)	49 (61.2)	107 (71.3)	105 (36.1)	<0.001	34 (46.6)	4 (80.0)	7 (87.5)	10 (50.0)	13 (32.5)
No	281 (49.9)	21 (50.0)	31 (38.8)	43 (28.7)	186 (63.9)		39 (53.4)	1 (20.0)	1 (12.5)	10 (50.0)	27 (67.5)	<0.01
Unknown	685 (54.9)	54 (56.2)	175 (68.6)	147 (49.5)	309 (51.5)	<0.05	122 (62.5)	8 (61.5)	36 (81.8)	27 (57.4)	51 (56.0)	NS
Histological subtype	()	()	()	()	()		()	()	()	()	()
Papillary^‡	742 (59.5)	41 (42.7)	107 (42.0)	175 (58.9)	419 (69.8)	<0.001	101 (51.8)	3 (23.1)	12 (27.3)	25 (53.2)	61 (67.0)	<0.001
CPFV	204 (16.3)	17 (17.7)	35 (13.7)	53 (17.8)	99 (16.5)	0.24	13 (6.7)	0 (0)	2 (4.5)	3 (6.4)	8 (8.8)	0.33
Follicular	379 (30.4)	41 (42.7)	115 (45.1)	93 (31.3)	130 (21.7)	<0.001	50 (25.6)	6 (46.1)	16 (36.3)	10 (21.3)	18 (19.8)	0.046
Carcinoma NOS	64 (5.1)	9 (9.4)	14 (5.5)	14 (4.7)	27 (4.5)	0.26	19 (9.7)	3 (23.1)	6 (13.6)	5 (10.6)	5 (5.5)	0.096
Anaplastic^§	20 (1.6)	2 (2.1)	7 (2.7)	4 (1.3)	7 (1.2)	0.016	10 (5.1)	0 (0)	5 (11.4)	4 (8.5)	1 (1.1)	0.027
Medullary	10 (0.8)	0 (0)	2 (0.8)	2 (0.7)	6 (1.0)	NA	2 (1.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (2.2)	NA
Others^II	33 (2.6)	3 (3.1)	10 (3.9)	9 (3.0)	11 (1.8)	<0.001	13 (6.7)	1 (7.7)	5 (11.4)	3 (6.4)	4 (4.4)	<0.001

Abbreviations: : frequencies; mm: millimeters; SD: standard deviation; Min: minimum; Max: maximum. statistical test for trend. value showing difference between groups excluding unknown (Student’s -test). Men were significantly older than women (). ^†Variance analysis. ^‡ for heterogeneity (women versus men). ^§ for heterogeneity (women versus men). ¶ included colloid goiters, diffuse goiters, multinodular goiters, and multinodular heterogengoiters. ǁ includes Graves’ disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, lymphocytic thyroiditis, and de Quervain’s thyroiditis.