<i>Background</i>. The International Classification of Disease, ninth revision (ICD-9) is designed to code disease into categories which are placed into administrative databases. These databases have been used for epidemiological studies. However, the categories used in the ICD9-codes are not always the most effective for evaluating specific diseases or their outcomes, such as the outcomes of cancer treatment. Therefore a re-classification of the ICD-9 codes into new categories specific to cancer outcomes is needed. <i>Methods</i>. An expert panel comprised of two physicians created broad categories that would be most useful to researchers investigating outcomes and morbidities associated with the treatment of cancer. A Senior Data Coordinator with expertise in ICD-9 coding, then joined this panel and each code was re-classified into the new categories. <i>Results</i>. Consensus was achieved for the categories to go from the 17 categories in ICD-9 to 39 categories. The ICD-9 Codes were placed into new categories, and subcategories were also created for more specific outcomes. The results of this re-classification is available in tabular form. <i>Conclusions</i>. ICD-9 codes were re-classified by group consensus into categories that are designed for oncology survivorship research. The novel re-classification system can be used by those involved in cancer survivorship research.

S. R. Rassekh

M. Lorenzi

L. Lee

S. Devji

M. McBride

K. Goddard

Reclassification of ICD-9 Codes into Meaningful Categories for  Oncology Survivorship Research

<i  >Context</i>. Immunohistochemical stains for p53 are used as a diagnostic marker associated with malignancy in several histologic types of salivary gland tumors. This marker may be useful in differentiating pleomorphic adenoma (PA) from carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CPA), as these tumors are often difficult to distinguish on the basis of morphology alone. <i  >Objective</i>. to evaluate whatever inactivation of tumor suppressor gene (p53) increases with the tumor progression from normal salivary tissue to PA and eventually CPA. <i  >Design</i>. Paraffin blocks of 29 cases of PA, which were surrounded by normal parotid gland, and 27 cases of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma were retrieved and validated. In all cases of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, a PA &#x201c;ghost&#x201d; was identified, and the malignant element was either undifferentiated carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. <i  >Results</i>. The results showed negative nuclear expression of P53 in normal parotid gland. Nuclear P53 was expressed strongly in 6/29 (20.7&#x25;) pleomorphic salivary adenoma and 10/27 (37&#x25;) carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. 
<i  >Conclusion</i>. Our data suggest that inactivation of p53 may play an important role in the evolution of pleomorphic salivary adenoma and carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. 


Bassel Tarakji

Omar Kujan

Mohammad Z. Nassani

Immunohistochemical Expression of p53 in Pleomorphic Adenoma and Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma

Shorter survival has been associated with low socioeconomic status (SES) among elderly non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients; however it remains unknown whether the same relationship holds for younger patients. We explored the California Cancer Registry (CCR), to investigate this relationship in adolescent and young adult (AYA) NHL patients diagnosed from 1996 to 2005. A case-only survival analysis was conducted to examine demographic and clinical variables hypothesized to be related to survival. Included in the final analysis were 3,489 incident NHL cases. In the multivariate analyses, all-cause mortality (ACM) was higher in individuals who had later stage at diagnosis (<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:50.549999px;" id="M1" height="11.375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 50.549999 11.375" width="50.549999"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><path id="x1D443" d="M619 482q0 -69 -40.5 -119t-96 -72.5t-118.5 -26.5h-44l-70 20l-31 -151q-14 -67 0.5 -83t89.5 -22l-5 -28h-287l8 28q65 7 81.5 22t29.5 83l79 398q12 56 0.5 70.5t-78.5 20.5l7 28h255q108 0 164 -43t56 -125zM524 478q0 141 -146 141q-25 0 -47 -8q-16 -6 -20.5 -13.5&#xA;t-10.5 -39.5l-43 -241q37 -13 83 -13q67 0 125.5 45t58.5 129z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.582,11.112)"><path id="x3C" d="M512 -3l-437 233v51l437 233v-58l-378 -200v-2l378 -199v-58z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.286,11.112)"><path id="x2E" d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,34.162,11.112)"><path id="x30" d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105&#xA;q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.321,11.112)"><path id="x35" d="M153 550l-26 -186q79 31 111 31q90 0 141.5 -51t51.5 -119q0 -93 -89 -166q-85 -69 -173 -71q-32 0 -61.5 11.5t-41.5 23.5q-18 17 -17 34q2 16 22 33q14 9 26 -1q61 -50 124 -50q60 0 93 43.5t33 104.5q0 69 -41.5 110t-121.5 41q-53 0 -102 -20l38 305h286l6 -8&#xA;l-26 -65h-233z" /></g>

		
	
</svg>) or did not receive first-course chemotherapy (<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:50.549999px;" id="M2" height="11.375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 50.549999 11.375" width="50.549999"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x1D443"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.582,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x3C"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.286,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,34.162,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.321,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x35"/></g>

		
	
</svg>). There was also a significant gradient decrease in survival, with higher ACM at each decreasing quintile of SES (<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:58.712502px;" id="M3" height="11.375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 58.712502 11.375" width="58.712502"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x1D443"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.582,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x3C"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.286,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,34.162,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.321,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.481,11.112)"><path id="x31" d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" /></g>

		
	
</svg>). Overall results were similar for lymphoma-specific mortality. In the race/ethnicity stratified analyses, only non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) had a significant SES-ACM trend (<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:58.712502px;" id="M4" height="11.375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 58.712502 11.375" width="58.712502"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x1D443"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.582,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x3C"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.286,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,34.162,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.321,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"/></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.481,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x31"/></g>

		
	
</svg>). Reduced overall and lymphoma-specific survival was associated with lower SES in AYAs with NHL, although a significant trend was only observed for NHWs.

Erin E. Kent

Rebecca A. Morris

Joan A. Largent

Argyrios Ziogas

Leonard S. Sender

Hoda Anton-Culver

Socioeconomic Impacts on Survival Differ by Race/Ethnicity among Adolescents and Young Adults with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Evidence independently links smoking, family history, and gender with increased risk of adenomatous polyps. Using data from the New Hampshire Colonoscopy Registry (2004&#8211;2006), we examined the relation of combined risk factors with adenoma occurrence in 5,395 individuals undergoing screening colonoscopy. Self-reported data on smoking, family history and other factors were linked to pathology reports identifying adenomatous polyps and modeled with multiple logistic regression. In adjusted models a &#62;15 pack-year smoking history increased the likelihood of an adenoma (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtext>OR</mml:mtext><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.54</mml:mn></mml:math>, 95&#37; CI 1.28&#8211;1.86), although &#x2264;15 pack-years did not (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtext>OR</mml:mtext><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.07</mml:mn></mml:math>, 95&#37; CI 0.87&#8211;1.32). Gender-stratified models showed a significantly increased risk of adenoma at lower smoking exposure even for men (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtext>OR</mml:mtext><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1.32</mml:mn></mml:math>; 95&#37; CI:1.00&#8211;1.76), but not for women (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtext>OR</mml:mtext><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.85</mml:mn></mml:math>; 95&#37; CI:0.61&#8211;1.14). An ordered logistic regression model of adenoma occurrence showed a smoking history of &#x2265;15 pack-years associated with 61&#37; higher odds of adenoma at successively larger size categories (95&#37; CI 1.34&#8211;1.93). For individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer, smoking does not further increase the risk of adenomas. Smoking duration is linked to occurrence and size of adenoma, especially for men.

Tracy Onega

Martha Goodrich

Allen Dietrich

Lynn Butterly

The Influence of Smoking, Gender, and Family History on Colorectal Adenomas

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<p><em>Journal of Cancer Epidemiology</em> publishes studies related to population-based research on cancer etiology, prevention, surveillance, and survivorship and in the areas of descriptive, analytical, and molecular epidemiology etc.</p>


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Journal of Cancer Epidemiology - Table of contents 2010

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Journal of Cancer Epidemiology publishes studies related to population-based research on cancer etiology, prevention, surveillance, and survivorship and in the areas of descriptive, analytical, and molecular epidemiology etc.

Journal of Cancer Epidemiology