Knoevenagel Condensation of Aldehydes with Ethyl Cyanoacetate in Water Catalyzed by P4VP/Al₂O₃-SiO₂

Table 5

Effect of reaction temperature on the Knoevenagel condensation over P4VP/Al₂O₃-SiO₂ (in-situ)^a.

Temperature (°C)	Time (min)	Yield^b (%)
Room temperature	75	63
40	60	70
95	30	98

^aReaction conditions: catalyst (P4VP/Al₂O₃-SiO₂(0.6) (in-situ), 0.12 g), benzaldehyde (2 mmol), ethyl cyanoacetate (2 mmol), H₂O (10 mL), and selectivity = 100%. ^bIsolated yield.