Determination of Trace Amounts of Palladium in Water Samples by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction

Table 3

Determination of Pd(II) in different water samples.

Sample	Pd^2+ spiked; (μg L^−1)	Pd^2+ detected; (μg L^−1)	RSD^g; (%)	Recovery; (%)
Tap water^a	0.000	n.d.^f		—
	0.100	0.098	3.6	98.0
	0.200	0.198	3.5	99.0
Sea water^b	0.000	n.d.		—
	0.100	0.085	3.7	85.0
	0.200	0.172	3.8	86.0
River water^c	0.000	n.d.		—
	0.100	0.092	3.6	92.0
	0.200	0.188	3.5	94.0
Mineral water^d	0.000	n.d.		—
	0.100	0.097	3.4	97.0
	0.200	0.192	3.5	96.0
Synthetic sample^e	0.100	0.095	3.8	95.0
	0.200	0.193	3.3	96.5

^aFrom drinking water system of Tehran, Iran.
^bCaspian sea water, Iran.
^cZiarat River, Gorgan, Iran.
^dFrom Abali mineral water, Tehran, Iran.
^eCu²⁺, Co²⁺, Cd²⁺, Fe³⁺, Ag⁺, Cr³⁺, 500 μg L⁻¹ of each cation.
^fNot detected.
^gRSD of three replicate experiments.