Influence of Intercalation-Exfoliation-Reduction Technique towards the Physico-Chemical of VPO Catalysts

Table 1

Specific BET surface area, chemical properties, average vanadium valence, and percentages of V⁴⁺ and V⁵⁺ oxidation states present in IER-VPD catalysts synthesized with different mixture of solvent.

Catalysts	Specific BET surface area (m^2/g)	Atomic ratio P/V	Oxidation of the vanadium
			V^4+ (%)	V^5+ (%)	Vav
IERC(2Bu-Et)	11.7	1.08	74	26	4.26
IERC(2Bu-Et)RBi1	15.3	1.05	77	23	4.23
IERC(isoBu-Et)	35.6	1.03	90	10	4.10
IERC(isoBu)	21.8	1.05	93	7	4.07