Pharmacological Activities of Sijunzi Decoction Which Are Related to Its Antioxidant Properties

Table 2

Antioxidant ingredient	Structure of compound	Pharmacological activity	References
Paeonol		(1) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; (2) Treatment for vascular disorders; (3) Protection against atherosclerosis.; (4) Neuroprotection; (5) Protection against hypoxia/reoxygenation damage; (6) Growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects on cancer cells	[9–12, 18–21]
Dauricine		(1) Inhibition of neuron apoptosis; (2) Induction of glutathione depletion and apoptosis in cancer cells; (3) Inhibition of tumor cell proliferation; (4) Inhibition of cancer angiogenesis; (5) Induction of tumor cell apoptosis	[22–27]
Pancratistatin		(1) Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; (2) Induction of mitochondrial membrane collapse; (3) Potential induction of tumor apoptosis; (4) Reduction of tumor growth	[28–30]
Isoliquiritigenin		(1) Cardioprotection against ischemic injury; (2) Decreased blood glucose level; (3) Prevention of neurodegenerative diseases; (4) Prevention of neuronal apoptotic death; (5) Repression of liver X receptor-α-dependent hepatic steatosis; (6) Induction of apoptosis; (7) Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation; (8) Enhancement of HepG2 cell radiosensitivity	[3, 13, 31–38]
Naringin		(1) Inhibition of ROS-activated MAPK pathway; (2) Antihypertensive and antithrombotic effects; (3) Protection of endothelial function from ROS; (4) Protection against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury; (5) Antidiabetic effect; (6) Decreased inflammatory cell infiltration; (7) Neuroprotective effect; (8) Anti-inflammatory effect; (9) Protection against pulmonary fibrosis; (10) Induction of cancer cell apoptosis; (11) Attenuation of chronic pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation; (12) Mitigation of erythrocyte aging	[4–6, 14, 15, 39–47]
Glabridin		(1) Antioxidation; (2) Protection against obesity-related metabolic disorders; (3) Neuroprotective effect; (4) Anti-inflammatory effect; (5) Anticancer effect	[7, 16, 17, 48, 49]
Isorhamnetin		(1) Inhibition of ROS-induced apoptotic pathway; (2) Anti-ROS-induced cardiomyopathy; (3) Protection of hepatocytes against oxidative stress; (4) Antioxidant and antiproliferative effects; (5) Modulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathway in gastric cancer	[8, 50–54]
Calycosin		(1) Neuroprotection; (2) Inhibition of breast cancer growth	[55, 56]
Pinocembrin		(1) Neurovascular protection; (2) Protection of cerebral ischemia; (3) Increased viability and mitochondrial membrane potential of cultured rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells; (4) Protection of rat brain against oxidation and apoptosis; (5) Abrogation of neurotoxin effects; (6) Improvement of rat cognitive impairments; (7) Anticarcinogenic effects; (8) Triggering mitochondrial apoptosis in cancer cells	[57–60]
Nicotiflorin		(1) Improvement of brain infarct volume and neurological deficits; (2) Protection against memory dysfunction, energy metabolism failure, and oxidative stress; (3) Protection against cerebral ischemic damage	[61–63]
Liquiritigenin		(1) Improvement of behavioral performance and attenuation of neuronal loss in the brain; (2) Protection of human lung cells (A549); (3) Choleretic effect and induction of hepatic transporters and phase-II enzymes; (4) Induction of apoptosis in the mitochondrial pathway; (5) Anti-inflammatory effect; (6) Protection of osteoblast against cytotoxicity	[64–68]
Kaempferol		(1) Attenuation of neuronal toxicity; (2) Inhibition of monoamine oxidase and excessive NO production	[63]
Licoflavone		(1) Suppression of gastric mucosa injury	[69]
Isobavachalcone		(1) Antioxidant effects on rat liver microsomes and mitochondria; (2) Induction of neuroblastoma apoptosis	[70, 71]
Morusin		(1) Anticancer properties	[72, 73]
Licochalcone A		(1) Antitumor and antimetastatic properties; (2) Apoptosis-promotion; (3) Inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and ROS production	[74–76]
Licochalcone B		(1) Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation	[77]
Rutin		(1) Inhibition of primary humoral immune response	[78]
Quercetin		(1) Antiliver fibrosis properties; (2) Modulation of degranulation and oxidative burst	[54, 69, 79]