Solving Reaction-Diffusion and Advection Problems with Richardson Extrapolation

Table 5

Absolute error of the advection problem without and with passive/active Richardson extrapolation (with the estimated convergence order in parentheses).

Time step	Absolute error
	Euler		Passive Richardson		Active Richardson
		—		—		—
		(1.009)		(2.000)		(2.019)
		(1.008)		(2.000)		(2.016)
		(1.007)		(2.000)		(2.013)
		(1.006)		(2.000)		(2.012)
		(1.005)		(2.000)		(2.010)
		(1.004)		(2.000)		(2.007)
		(1.002)		(1.999)		(2.002)
		(1.001)		(1.998)		(1.998)
		(1.001)		(1.996)		(1.995)
		(1.001)		(1.965)		(1.981)
		(1.000)		(1.023)		(1.744)
		(1.000)		(0.037)		(0.814)
		(1.000)		(0.002)		(0.139)
		(1.001)		(0.000)		(0.011)
		(1.002)		(0.000)		(0.001)
		(1.007)		(0.000)		(0.000)