Modelling of Physical, Chemical, and Material Properties of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Table 1

Different processes and their corresponding length scales [after 1].

Scale m	Structure	Phenomena
10^8–10^7	Electrode material, triple phase boundary-electrode	Electrochemistry, diffusion through the surface, chemical reaction
10^7–10^5	Porous media	Knudsen diffusion, flow through porous media, chemical reaction
10^5–10^3	Flow field	Diffusion, mass flow, heat exchange
10^3–10^2	Single cell	Transport of oxidant and fuel, thermal balancing
10^2–10^0	Single cells/stack	Electrical circuit of the cell/stack, processes in the electrical system, thermal balancing
10^0–10^1	System level	Control, automatics, regulation, safety systems, integration of the entire system