Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction Applied to Food Analysis

Table 3

Experimental MSPE conditions used for analysis of fruits or vegetables samples.

Analyte	Amount of liquid sample	Magnetic material coating	Eluent volume	Eluent	Technique	Limit of detection	Recovery	References
Endogenous cytokinins (plants)	10.0 mL	2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate; (Fe3O4/SiO2/P(AMPS-co-EGDMA))	3.0 mL	Acetone with 5% ammonia (v/v)	HILIC-MS/MS	0.18–3.65 pg/mL	72.8–115.5%	[66]
Pesticide (fruits and vegetables)	1.0 mL	(QuEChERS)-Fe3O4	—	—	GC-MS/MS	0.03–2.17 µg/kg	71.5–111.7%	[47]
Linuron (apple, lettuce)	40.0 mL	Fe3O4@SiO2@ionic liquids	4.0 mL	Ethanol	UV-Vis	0.04–20.00 µg/mL	95–98.5%	[67]
Pyrethroid	10.0 mL	Fe3O4@SiO2@C18	2.0 mL	Acetone	UF-HPLC	0.63–1.2 ng/g	76.0–99.5%	[62]
Lead (tomato paste, parsley)	100.0 mL	CaFe2O4-3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane-phthalic anhydride	3.0 mL	Nitric acid 1.0 mol/L	AAS	0.78 µg/L	99.7% (tomato); 91.3% (parsley)	[33]
Zinc (parsley, basil)	300.0 mL	Zinc imprinted polymer-2-vinylpyridine-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate	14.0 mL	Hydrochloric acid (12% v/v)	AAS	0.15 mg/L	95–99%	[38]

Hormones, pesticides, and Metal ions.