Spatial/Temporal Characterization and Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Mangla Reservoir, Pakistan

Table 3

Comparison of mean trace metals concentrations (g/L) in surface water of Mangla Lake with national and international studies.

	Cd	Co	Cr	Cu	Fe	Mn	Ni	Pb	Zn	Reference
Mangla Lake
Premonsoon	36.3	75.1	235	20.3	128	13.1	313	339	31.2	This study
Mangla Lake
Monsoon	31.1	67.2	157	14.4	88.5	8.16	126	226	7.84	This study
Mangla Lake
Postmonsoon	18.3	21.0	103	13.7	109	18.9	124	129	11.7	This study
Kralkızı Dam Reservoir, Turkey	0.036	—	22.06	2.83	58.63	—	15.75	2.56	5.02	[4]
Dicle Dam Reservoir, Turkey	0.030	—	18.58	2.12	62.07	—	15.86	1.84	4.12	[4]
Batman Dam Reservoir, Turkey	0.044	—	16.5	ND	57.66	—	15.96	1.56	4.09	[4]
Danjiangkou Reservoir, China	1.17	1.08	6.29	13.32	19.14	5.69	1.73	10.59	2.02	[7]
Dil Deresi stream, Turkey	8	21	42	37	4030	—	—	120	700	[8]
Taihu Lake, China	0.06	—	0.99	5.81	—	—	5.34	2.74	15.86	[52]
Kanyaboli Lake, Kenya	4.4	6.06	21.54	23.95	—	284.27	16.38	20.65	32.79	[53]
Kainji Dam, Nigeria	—	1.2	2.2	1.3	13	9	0.90	1.2	0.90	[54]
Anthropogenic Lake in West Poland	2.9	24	3.3	48	154	1230	4	111	207	[55]
Legnica Lake in Southwest Poland	1.72	65	1.1	29	6	670	68.2	0.21	204	[56]
Lake Gilow, Poland	0.58	27	0.9	48	6	390	76	0.5	167	[56]
Mangla Lake, Pakistan
Summer	30	250	80	20	150	10	130	380	30	[57]
Mangla Lake, Pakistan
Winter	30	160	70	20	130	20	110	340	30	[57]
Rawal Lake, Pakistan
Summer	6	11	9	10	93	4	—	162	14	[58]
Rawal Lake, Pakistan
Winter	25	204	97	17	76	13	—	223	22	[58]
Khanpur Lake, Pakistan	20	114	46	9	51	11	—	221	15	[59]
Manchar Lake, Pakistan
Summer	6.14	41.0	8.23	20.4	3228	75.8	35.8	87.6	774	[60]
Manchar Lake, Pakistan
Winter	4.22	34.7	6.84	18.2	2780	64.7	31.0	78.7	683	[60]
Manchar Lake, Pakistan	5.3	38.9	7.64	18.9	2960	72.6	35.0	82.4	730	[61]

ND: not detected.