Synthesis and Characterization of TiO₂ Modified with Polystyrene and Poly(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl Methacrylate) as Adsorbents for the Solid Phase Extraction of Organophosphorus Pesticides

Table 4

Comparison of the reported methods on the separation and determination of OPPs in water samples in solid phase extraction.

Adsorbent material	Adsorbent mass (mg)	Sample volume (mL)	Eluent	Pesticides concentration; (% recovery)	Reference
TiO2-S	100	3	Methanol	FST = 6 mg L^−1 (92%); MP = 6 mg L^−1 (92%); CMF = 6 mg L^−1 (44%); DZN = 6 mg L^−1 (73%)	This method
Styrene-divinylbenzene (XAD-2); XAD-2-Teflon; XAD-2-Acrylate (XAD-7)	2000	2500	Acetone	MP = 144 ng L^−1 (60–75%); CMF = 636 ng L^−1 (100%); DZN = 144 ng L^−1 (>91%)	[12]
C18	100	10	Ethyl acetate	MP = 1.0 ng L^−1 (>93%); DZN = 1.0 ng L^−1 (>94%)	[10]
Carbon nanotubes	50	200	Acetonitrile	DZN = 10 g L^−1 (94–97%)	[13]
Polystyrene-divinylbenzene	200	1000	Dichloromethane	MP = 90 ng L^−1 (54–90%); CMF = 398 ng L^−1 (74–95%); DZN = 90 ng L^−1 (62–90%)	[9]
Graphitized carbon black	500	1000	Dichloromethane	MP = 90 ng L^−1 (60–98%); CMF = 398 ng L^−1 (45–69%); DZN = 90 ng L^−1 (68–98%)	[9]