Impact of Pregnancy on the Levels of Parabens and Bisphenol A: Data from NHANES 2005–2010
Table 2
Unadjusted geometric means in ng/mg creatinine with 95% confidence intervals for selected endocrine disrupting chemicals for females aged 20–44 years. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2010#.
Bisphenol A
Butyl paraben
Ethyl paraben
Methyl paraben
Propyl paraben
Total
2.12 (2.01–2.24)
0.98 (0.86–1.13)
3.74 (3.17–4.41)
130.66 (113.25–150.74)
25.89 (21.95–30.55)
Non-Hispanic White (NHW)
2.14 (1.99–2.31)
1.03 (0.87–1.23)
3.82 (3.07–4.74)
106.89 (88.72–128.77)∧
22.86 (18.21–28.7)∧
Non-Hispanic Black (NHB)
2.17 (1.97–2.39)
0.58 (0.41–0.82)
3.74 (2.87–4.88)
238.67 (207.44–274.59)∧
40.96 (33.98–49.37)∧
Mexican American (MA)
2.11 (1.87–2.38)
1.2 (0.95–1.5)
3.34 (2.73–4.1)
198.4 (170.13–231.36)∧
37.04 (28.58–48)∧
Others (OTH)
2.01 (1.65–2.45)
1.11 (0.77–1.58)
3.7 (2.84–4.83)
135.74 (105.15–175.22)∧
22.97 (16.8–31.41)∧
Nonsmokers
2.13 (2.01–2.25)
1.17 (0.97–1.4)
4.05 (3.34–4.92)
142.46 (121.05–167.66)
29.56 (24.25–36.03)
Smokers
2.12 (1.88–2.38)
0.61 (0.45–0.85)
2.99 (2.31–3.88)
102.92 (79.87–132.63)
17.97 (13.63–23.7)
Iron absent
1.99 (1.74–2.29)
0.79 (0.61–1.02)
4.11 (3.15–5.37)
149.87 (120.61–186.23)
30.43 (23.05–40.16)
Iron deficient
2.33 (2.03–2.67)
1.18 (0.79–1.77)
4.44 (2.77–7.11)
132.19 (99.76–175.16)
32.36 (23.82–43.95)
Iron replete
2.11 (1.97–2.27)
1 (0.83–1.21)
3.5 (2.89–4.24)
125.56 (105.58–149.33)
23.51 (19.02–29.06)
Pregnant
1.94 (1.64–2.3)
1.45 (0.87–2.42)
3.76 (2.39–5.93)
132.41 (89.32–196.3)
23.5 (13.95–39.58)
Nonpregnant
2.14 (2.02–2.26)
0.96 (0.83–1.11)
3.74 (3.18–4.4)
130.54 (112.74–151.15)
26.07 (22.06–30.8)
Pairs within the same category with the same symbol , , or were statistically significant at . ∧All pairwise differences were statistically significant at except between NHW and OTH and between NHB and MA.
