Theoretical Insights into Three Types of Oxidized Starch-Based Adhesives: Chemical Stability, Water Resistance, and Shearing Viscosity from a Molecular Viewpoint

Figure 3

Electrostatic potential (EP) of the oxidized modified starch molecules at the B3LYP/6-31G level of theory. (a) and (b) are the oxidized starch molecules, respectively; (c) and (d) are the oxidized grafted starch molecules, respectively; and (e) is the oxidized grafted cross-linked starch molecule.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)