Journal of Chemistry

Review Article

Molecular Mechanisms of Cardioprotective Actions of Tanshinones

Table 2

Pharmacological actions of tanshinones in vivo.


Compounds	Animals/tissues	Dosages	Effects	Mechanisms	Reference

Cryptotanshinone	Rat heart	125, 250 μg/kg	Ameliorating I/R injury	Neutrophil infiltration ↓ NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β ↓ MPO ↓	[24]

Tanshinone	Mouse carotid artery	0.3 and 0.6 g/kg	Suppressing intimal hyperplasia	Intimal thickening ↓ PCNA ↓	[34]
Tanshinone	Rat heart	120 mg/kg	Improving acute myocardial infarction	Infarct size ↓ Systolic function ↑ Ca²⁺ ↓ Cell adhesion ↓	[57]

Tanshinone IIA	Rat heart	10 mg/kg	Protection of I/R injury	Bcl-2, SOD ↑ Caspase 3 ↓, MDA ↓	[19]
		8 mg/kg	Reducing myocardial infarct size and I/R injury	HO-1 ↑, TNF-α ↓, MDA ↓, SOD ↑, GSH ↑, p-NF-κB ↓	[58]
		8 mg/kg	Protection of isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction	HO-1 ↑, Nrf2 ↑ MDA ↓, SOD ↑, GSH ↑ p-ERK1/2/ERK ↑	[59]
		5, 10, 20 mg/kg	Reducing myocardial infarct size and I/R injury	p-AKT ↑, p-eNOS ↑, p-NF-κB ↓	[20]
		5 mg/kg	Protection of STZ-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy	p-AKT ↑, GSK-3β ↑, MPTP ↓, TNF-α ↓, IL-6 ↓, MPO ↓	[60]
		10, 20, 40 mg/kg	Reducing myocardial infarct size and biochemical markers	SOD ↑, GSH-Px ↑, MDA ↓, TNF-α ↓, IL-6 ↓, iNOS ↓, HMGB1 ↓	[61]
		60 mg/kg		TNF-α, CD68 ↓ MCP-1, TGF-β1 ↓	[18]
		20 mg/kg		LVSP ↑, LVEDP ↓ p-p38MAPK ↓ SRF, MEF2 ↓, Cx43 ↑	[46]
		20 mg/kg	Reducing infarct size and apoptotic cells	Caspase 3 ↓, p-Akt ↓, FOXO3A ↓, Bim ↓	[62]
		10, 20 mg/kg	Antihypertrophic action	Ca²⁺, AT1R ↓	[63]
		10, 20 mg/kg		PKC ↓, eNOS ↑	[64]
		5, 10, 20 mg/kg		Heart muscle index ↓ p-Akt, p-Gsk3β ↓	[65]
		10, 20 mg/kg		LVML, MFD ↓ Smad 3, TGF-β1 ↓ Smad7 ↑	[66]
		35, 70 mg/kg		LV fibrosis ↓ Diastolic dysfunction ↓ MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 ↓	[67]
		35, 70 mg/kg		CVF, PVCA ↓ NAD(P)H oxidase, ↓	[68]
		5, 10, 15 mg/kg		MDA ↓ SOD ↑ Bcl-2/Bax ratio ↑ Caspase 3 ↓ LV fibrosis ↓ Smad 3 ↓, TGF-β1 ↓	[69]
	Rat aorta	35, 70 mg/kg	Attenuation of atherosclerotic calcification	oxLDL production ↓ ↓, Cu/Zn SOD ↑ MDA ↓	[70]
	Mouse aorta	10, 30, 90 mg/kg	Antiatherosclerotic action	Cholesterol level ↓ CD36, SRA, PPARγ ↓	[22]
	Mouse heart	20 mg/kg	Amelioration of I/R injury	eNOS/NO ↑ AMPK/PI3K/Akt ↑	[40]
	Rabbit aorta	6.25, 15.00, 37.50 mg/kg	Antiatherosclerotic action	CD40, MMP-2 ↓ SOD ↑	[71]

AT1R, angiotensin II type I receptor; Ca²⁺, intracellular calcium; CD36, cluster of differentiation 36; CD68, cluster of differentiation 68; CVF, collagen volume fraction; Cx43, connexin 43; Dox, doxorubicin; IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta; IL-6, interleukin-6; I/R, ischemia reperfusion; LV: left ventricular; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; LVSP, left ventricular systolic pressure; LVEDP, left ventricular end diastolic pressure; MDA, malondialdehyde; MEF2, myocyte enhancer factor 2; MFD, myocardial fiber diameter; MI, myocardial infarction; MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinases-2; MPO, myeloperoxidase; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator activated gamma; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PVCA, perivascular collagen area; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD, superoxide dismutase; SRA, scavenger receptor A; SRF, serum reaction factor; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-beta 1.