Active Razor Shell CaO Catalyst Synthesis for Jatropha Methyl Ester Production via Optimized Two-Step Transesterification

Figure 8

Contour plots showing transesterification parametric interactions impact on JME yield.

(a) Reaction time and catalyst concentration ()

(b) Methanol to oil ratio and catalyst concentration ()

(c) Heating temperature and catalyst concentration ()

(d) Stirring speed and catalyst concentration ()

(e) Reaction time and methanol to oil ratio ()

(f) Heating temperature and methanol to oil ratio ()

(g) Stirring speed and methanol to oil ratio ()

(h) Heating temperature and reaction time ()

(i) Stirring speed and reaction time ()

(j) Stirring speed and heating temperature ()