Research Article
Chemical Characterization of Major and Minor Compounds of Nut Oils: Almond, Hazelnut, and Pecan Nut
Table 1
Bibliographic information on the chemical composition of almond, hazelnut, and pecan nut oils. References [
1–
3,
5–
8,
10,
21–
29].
| | Nut oil | Almond | Hazelnut | Pecan nut |
| | Oil amount (g.100 g−1) | 25.1–60.7 | 8.10–67 | 58-74 |
| | Fatty acid composition (% area) | Myristic acid - 14:0 | 0–0.07 | 0–0.1 | 0.05–0.09 | | Palmitic acid - 16:0 | 4.7–15.8 | 4.5–6.5 | 6.4–7.6 | | Palmitoleic acid - 16:1 | 0.1–2.5 | 0.1–0.3 | 0.1–0.2 | | Stearic acid - 18:0 | 0.3–2.5 | 0.4–3.8 | 2.2–2.8 | | Oleic acid - 18:1 | 50.4–81.2 | 76.3–86.5 | 49.6–62.1 | | Linoleic acid - 18:2 | 6.21–37.1 | 6.5–15.6 | 27.2–37.7 | | Linolenic acid - 18:3 | 0–11.1 | 0.1–1.9 | 1.4–1.9 | | Arachidic acid - 20:0 | 0.04–0.2 | 0–0.2 | 0.34 |
| | Triacylglycerol composition (% area) | LLLn | | 0.1 | — | | LLL | 8.7 | 3.7 | — | | OLLn | 0.1 | 0.5 | — | | OLLn | 27.6 | 12.3 | — | | OLnO | — | 0.7 | — | | LLP | 4.8 | 1.6 | — | | OLO | 28.0 | 28.2 | — | | LOP | 11.3 | 5.2 | — | | PLP | 0.5 | 0.2 | — | | OOO | 13.3 | 36.5 | — | | SLO | 1.8 | 1.4 | — | | OOP | 2.7 | 6.1 | — | | SOO | 0.6 | 2.8 | — |
| | Total sterols mg⋅kg−1 | 2178–2777 | 1096–6031 | 1899 |
| | Sterol composition (% area) | Cholesterol | — | 0.8–2.3 | — | | 24-Methylene-cholesterol | — | 0–0.1 | — | | Campesterol | 2.5 | 4.8–7.4 | 2.7 | | Campestanol | — | 0–0.2 | — | | Stigmasterol | 2.5 | 1.3–2.1 | 17.9 | | Δ7-Campesterol | — | 0–0.4 | — | | Δ5,23-Stigmastadienol + Clerosterol | — | 0.9–1.3 | — | | β-Sitosterol | 55.9–95.1 | 78.1–90.4 | 82.8 | | Sitostanol | — | 1.8- 3.6 | — | | Δ5-Avenasterol | 8.5–28.2 | 1.3–5.2 | — | | Δ5,24-Stigmastadienol | — | 0.3–1.1 | — | | Δ7-Stigamastenol | — | 0.3–2.3 | — | | Δ7-Avenasterol | — | 0.5–1.9 | — |
| | Squalene mg⋅kg−1 | 95.0 | 186.0–371.0 | 152.0 |
| | Total tocopherol mg⋅kg−1 | 451.0 | 25.8–690.8 | 180.0 |
| | Tocopherol and tocotrienol composition (% of total content) | α-Tocopherol | 97.3 | 53.8–90.6 | 12.0 | | β-Tocopherol | — | 2.1–4.2 | — | | γ-Tocopherol | 2.8 | 3.1–41.9 | 168.0 | | δ-Tocopherol | — | — | — | | α-Tocotrienol | — | 0–7.1 | — |
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—: not determined and/or evaluated by the authors.
P: palmitic acid; S: stearic acid; O: oleic acid; L: linoleic acid; Ln: linolenic acid.
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