|
| Analysed target microorganism(s) | Physiological features | Share of each group in relation to the overall bacteria population (%) |
| | Species | Group |
|
Alphaproteobacteria
(amount of filamentous bacteria) | Group with high amount of heterotrophic organisms (e.g., genera Paracoccus, Sphingomonas, Rhizobium, Caulobacter, and Rhodospirillum) | | 1
(n.d.) |
|
| Alysiosphaera | Group consisting of filamentous bacteria similar to Nostocoida limicola II, with typical chain structures. Responsible for bulking sludge in industrial wastewater treatment plants | n.d. | |
|
Betaproteobacteria
(amount of filamentous bacteria) | Group consisting of the β1-group (many filamentous bacteria) and of the β2-group (most ammonia oxidizing bacteria). In municipal WWTPs, mostly the dominating group (e.g., genera Burkholderia, Sphaerotilus, Alcaligenes, Thiobacillus, and Nitrosomonas) | | 77
(n.d.) |
|
| β1-group of the Betaproteobacteria (amount of filamentous bacteria) | Group consisting of floc forming bacteria and S. natans related filamentous bacteria | 76
(n.d.) | |
|
Gammaproteobacteria
(amount of filamentous bacteria) | Group consisting of heterotrophic, mixotrophic, and autotrophic microorganisms (e.g., genera Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, and Thiothrix) | | 15
(n.d.) |
|
| Acinetobacter | Filamentous and nonfilamentous bacteria. Common in municipal and industrial WWTPs with a relatively high sludge age. Favoured by scarce dissolved oxygen concentration | n.d. | |
|
| Thiothrix | Filamentous sulphur bacterium, favoured by nutrient deficiency. Adapted to low dissolved oxygen concentration | n.d. | |
|
| Eikelboom type 021N | Filamentous sulphur bacterium common in municipal and industrial WWTPs. favoured by nutrient deficiency. Adapted to low dissolved oxygen concentration | n.d. | |
|
Deltaproteobacteria
(amount of filamentous bacteria) | Group including most sulphate reducing bacteria (e.g., families Desulfobacteraceae, Desulfobulbaceae, and Desulfovibrionaceae) | | <1
(n.d.) |
|
Chloroflexi
(amount of filamentous bacteria) | Group of filamentous organisms with increasing impact on municipal and industrial WWTPs, due to their contribution to foaming and bulking events, very stable against mechanical stress (genus Herpetosiphon, type 1851, type 0803, and type 0092 and many other filaments still unknown) | | <1
(n.d.) |
|
| Eikelboom type 1851 | Filamentous bacterium; contribution to sludge bulking. Favoured by nutrient deficiency | n.d. | |
|
| Herpetosiphon aurantiacus | Filamentous bacterium. Aerobic and anaerobic conditions | n.d. | |
|
Cytophaga-Flexibacter subphylum
(amount of filamentous bacteria) | Group containing filamentous and floc forming bacteria. Mainly in WWTPs with nutrients removal (e.g., genera Cytophaga, Flavobacterium, and Flexibacter), | | 4
(n.d.) |
|
| Haliscomenobacter hydrossis | Filamentous bacterium; contribution to sludge bulking. Favoured by high sludge age, low dissolved oxygen concentration, and high ammonia concentration | n.d. | |
|
Planctomycetes
(amount of filamentous bacteria) | Group, mainly in municipal WWTPs; members of this group are involved in the ANAMMOX process. Adapted to low dissolved oxygen concentration (e.g., genera Planctomyces, Pirellula, Isosphaera, and Scalindua) | | n.d. |
|
| Candidatus Nostocoida limicola type III | Filamentous bacterium; contribution to sludge bulking | n.d. | |
|
Actinobacteria
(amount of filamentous bacteria) | Group of GRAM positive bacteria with a high DNA GC content. Several problematic filamentous bacteria like Microthrix parvicella and nocardioforms. In WWTPs with nutrients removal (also biological phosphorous removal) | | n.d. |
|
| Microthrix parvicella | Filamentous bacterium; in WWTPs with nutrients removal. Contribution to sludge bulking, floating, and foaming. Strong hydrophobic characteristics | n.d. | |
|
| Nocardioforms | Group containing filamentous and floc forming bacteria. Contribution to sludge bulking, floating, and foaming. Strong hydrophobic characteristics | n.d. | |
|
| Candidatus Nostocoida limicola type II | Typical chain structures. Contribution to sludge bulking. In municipal WWTPs | n.d. | |
|
Firmicutes
(amount of filamentous bacteria) | Group of GRAM positive bacteria with a low DNA GC content. Several fermentative bacteria like the genera Streptococcus, Bacillus, and Lactobacillus | | n.d. |
|
| Candidatus Nostocoida limicola type I | Filamentous bacterium. Contribution to sludge bulking | n.d. | |
|
| Candidatus TM7 | Group recently detected, including filamentous bacteria like Eikelboom type 0041 | | n.d. |
|
| Group of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) | For example, genera Nitrosomonas and Nitrosococcus | | n.d. |
|
| Group of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) | For example, genera Nitrobacter and Nitrospira | | n.d. |
|
| Phosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) | Responsible for the biological phosphorus removal (e.g., Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis) | | n.d. |
|
| Glycogen accumulating organisms (GAO) | Candidatus Competibacter phosphatis | | n.d. |
|
