Simultaneous Determination of Pesticides in Fruits by Using Second-Order Fluorescence Data Resolved by Unfolded Partial Least-Squares Coupled to Residual Bilinearization

Table 1

Calibration in the presence of matrix: validation samples analysis applying U-PLS/RBL.

Carbaryl μg·L^−1†			Carbendazim μg·L^−1†			Thiabendazole μg·L^−1†
Added	Found banana	Found orange	Added	Found banana	Found orange	Added	Found banana	Found orange
0	3.1 (2)	3.0 (2)	0	2.1 (1)	3.1 (2)	0	1.1 (2)	2.1 (1)
60	62.2 (2)	63.3 (2)	0	0 (4)	1.0 (1)	20	20.1 (1)	21.0 (1)
0	0 (1)	1.0 (1)	75	74.3 (2)	76.1 (1)	20	20.2 (1)	19.1 (1)
30	28.3 (1)	30.1 (1)	50	50.1 (3)	49.0 (1)	0	2.0 (2)	3.1 (2)
90	90.4 (2)	89.5 (1)	100	102.3 (3)	99.1 (1)	40	40.1 (1)	38.0 (1)
30	83.4 (2)	32.4 (1)	100	99.1 (3)	102.3 (4)	40	41.3 (1)	39.0 (2)
90	91.5 (2)	92.1 (1)	50	50.4 (5)	49.1 (3)	20	22.2 (4)	21.0 (3)
60	61.6 (1)	62.3 (1)	75	72.3 (2)	74.2 (4)	40	40.1 (1)	40.2 (2)
RMSEP μg·L^−1	1.9	1.8		1.5	1.6		0.7	1.0
REP %	1.5	1.6		1.3	1.4		0.6	0.9
LOD μg·L^−1	1.9	2.2		2.7	3.6		0.9	1.0
	4.0	4.0		6.0	7.0		2.8	3.0
LOD mg·kg^−1	0.038	0.044		0.054	0.072		0.018	0.020
	0.088	0.088		0.120	0.144		0.056	0.060
SEN AFU (μg·L^−1)^−1	4.3	4.1		3.5	3.2		15.0	14.0
γ L μg^−1	1.7	1.6		1.3	1.2		4.8	4.3
γ^−1μg·L^−1	0.6	0.6		0.8	0.8		0.2	0.2

RMSEP = root mean square error of prediction. REP % = relative error of prediction. ^†Average concentration of three determinations. Standard deviation in parenthesis. Latent variables A = 4 for all the analytes. Number of unexpected components N_unx = 0. LOD calculated as an interval [58] SEN = sensitivity expressed as the ratio between the arbitrary units of fluorescence and concentration (corresponding to the net signal of the analyte at unit concentration; γ = analytical sensitivity calculated as the ratio between the sensitivity (SEN) and the instrumental noise level; γ⁻¹= inverse of analytical sensitivity is the minimum concentration difference which can be measured).