Comprehensive Characterization of Extractable Phenolic Compounds by UPLC-PDA-ESI-QqQ of Buddleja scordioides Plants Elicited with Salicylic Acid
Table 1
Effect of different salicylic acid concentrations on growth parameter, phenylpropanoids biosynthesis, enzymatic activities, and antioxidant capacity in a period of 14 days at 25°C.
Parameter
Initial time (day zero)
Salicylic acid (μM)
value
0
10
100
1000
Height (cm)
20.87 ± 2.69a
24.00 ± 5.65a
22.33 ± 1.52a
36.00 ± 1.73b
33.00 ± 3.00b
0.001
Relative growth rate in height (day−1)
—
0.223 ± 0.02a
0.104 ± 0.02b
1.080 ± 0.07d
0.86 ± 0.04c
0.001
Number of leaves per plant
21.00 ± 3.02a
25.00 ± 1.41ab
27.00 ± 1.00b
53.66 ± 3.05c
50.66 ± 1.52c
0.001
Relative effect on foliar production (leaves day−1)
—
0.285 ± 0.04a
0.428 ± 0.02b
2.333 ± 0.08c
2.119 ± 0.12c
0.0013
Relative concentration of phenylethanoids (μg equivalent to caffeic acid g−1)
Forsythoside A
6.34 ± 0.08a
1.05 ± 0.03b
1.39 ± 0.06c
3.44 ± 0.83d
1.77 ± 0.08e
0.001
Verbascoside
6.90 ± 0.00a
1.56 ± 0.69b
1.45 ± 0.06b
2.62 ± 0.21c
3.91 ± 0.00d
0.0132
Alyssonoside
1.05 ± 0.09a
0.29 ± 0.04b
0.18 ± 0.02c
Nd
nd
0.001
Acteoside
0.54 ± 0.00a
0.05 ± 0.02b
0.20 ± 0.00c
0.50 ± 0.06a
0.30 ± 0.03d
0.0728
Leucoseptoside
0.69 ± 0.01a
0.02 ± 0.01b
0.07 ± 0.00c
0.19 ± 0.01d
0.07 ± 0.00c
0.001
Enzymatic activities
PAL (cinnamic acid produced in μmol·mg protein−1·h−1)
222.65 ± 2.95a
227.37 ± 1.91a
239.52 ± 0.25b
251.06 ± 0.55c
264.22 ± 0.48d
0.001
CAT (μM·mg·protein−1·min−1)
11.80 ± 0.82a
11.95 ± 0.08a
8.18 ± 0.10b
7.38 ± 0.21c
7.70 ± 0.41c
0.001
Antioxidant capacity
ORAC (μM·TE/g)
37.51 ± 2.80a
42.15 ± 5.04ba
38.11 ± 0.73a
42.87 ± 0.98b
44.86 ± 2.02b
0.001
NO (inhibition %)
17.04 ± 2.92a
13.27 ± 0.02b
19.87 ± 1.44a
30.00 ± 1.82c
31.54 ± 0.19c
0.001
DPPH (inhibition %)
8.92 ± 2.40a
6.61 ± 0.67a
16.71 ± 1.21b
21.97 ± 0.57c
15.95 ± 0.62b
0.001
Different letters in same row indicate statistical differences by Tukey test (), (), calculated against caffeic acid at 320 nm.