Comprehensive Characterization of Extractable Phenolic Compounds by UPLC-PDA-ESI-QqQ of Buddleja scordioides Plants Elicited with Salicylic Acid

Table 1

Effect of different salicylic acid concentrations on growth parameter, phenylpropanoids biosynthesis, enzymatic activities, and antioxidant capacity in a period of 14 days at 25°C.

Parameter	Initial time (day zero)	Salicylic acid (μM)				value
		0	10	100	1000
Height (cm)	20.87 ± 2.69^a	24.00 ± 5.65^a	22.33 ± 1.52^a	36.00 ± 1.73^b	33.00 ± 3.00^b	0.001
Relative growth rate in height (day^−1)	—	0.223 ± 0.02^a	0.104 ± 0.02^b	1.080 ± 0.07^d	0.86 ± 0.04^c	0.001
Number of leaves per plant	21.00 ± 3.02^a	25.00 ± 1.41^ab	27.00 ± 1.00^b	53.66 ± 3.05^c	50.66 ± 1.52^c	0.001
Relative effect on foliar production (leaves day^−1)	—	0.285 ± 0.04^a	0.428 ± 0.02^b	2.333 ± 0.08^c	2.119 ± 0.12^c	0.0013
Relative concentration of phenylethanoids (μg equivalent to caffeic acid g^−1)
Forsythoside A	6.34 ± 0.08^a	1.05 ± 0.03^b	1.39 ± 0.06^c	3.44 ± 0.83^d	1.77 ± 0.08^e	0.001
Verbascoside	6.90 ± 0.00^a	1.56 ± 0.69^b	1.45 ± 0.06^b	2.62 ± 0.21^c	3.91 ± 0.00^d	0.0132
Alyssonoside	1.05 ± 0.09^a	0.29 ± 0.04^b	0.18 ± 0.02^c	Nd	nd	0.001
Acteoside	0.54 ± 0.00^a	0.05 ± 0.02^b	0.20 ± 0.00^c	0.50 ± 0.06^a	0.30 ± 0.03^d	0.0728
Leucoseptoside	0.69 ± 0.01^a	0.02 ± 0.01^b	0.07 ± 0.00^c	0.19 ± 0.01^d	0.07 ± 0.00^c	0.001
Enzymatic activities
PAL (cinnamic acid produced in μmol·mg protein^−1·h^−1)	222.65 ± 2.95^a	227.37 ± 1.91^a	239.52 ± 0.25^b	251.06 ± 0.55^c	264.22 ± 0.48^d	0.001
CAT (μM·mg·protein^−1·min^−1)	11.80 ± 0.82^a	11.95 ± 0.08^a	8.18 ± 0.10^b	7.38 ± 0.21^c	7.70 ± 0.41^c	0.001
Antioxidant capacity
ORAC (μM·TE/g)	37.51 ± 2.80^a	42.15 ± 5.04^ba	38.11 ± 0.73^a	42.87 ± 0.98^b	44.86 ± 2.02^b	0.001
NO (inhibition %)	17.04 ± 2.92^a	13.27 ± 0.02^b	19.87 ± 1.44^a	30.00 ± 1.82^c	31.54 ± 0.19^c	0.001
DPPH (inhibition %)	8.92 ± 2.40^a	6.61 ± 0.67^a	16.71 ± 1.21^b	21.97 ± 0.57^c	15.95 ± 0.62^b	0.001

Different letters in same row indicate statistical differences by Tukey test (), (), calculated against caffeic acid at 320 nm.