Prediction of Lard in Palm Olein Oil Using Simple Linear Regression (SLR), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) Based on Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR)

Table 1

The advantages and disadvantages of some common analytical methods for adulterant analysis in edible oils.

Method	Advantage	Disadvantage
HPLC-MS/GC-MS	^aEasily identifies specific components in sample; low detection limit	^aTedious sample preparation for specific compound groups (eg., extraction);^bhigh instrument cost; long analysis time
FTIR	^bCan analyse most samples; relatively inexpensive; fast and simple analysis	^bCannot analyse molecules that do not vibrate; difficult for differentiation of compositions in a mixture
NMR spectroscopy	^aSimultaneous analysis of components; minimal or no sample preparation	^dLow sensitivity;^bhigh instrument cost
Calorimetric method	^aSensitive to presence of other compounds; easy and inexpensive.	^aSome analyses are time-consuming; destructive sampling
DNA barcoding	^eReliable identification as DNA is not affected by external factors	^eRequires high-quality DNA for sequencing and comparison with known data; long analysis time and high cost

^a[7], ^b[8], ^c[9], ^d[10], and ^e[11].