Paraquat in Surface Water of Some Streams in Mai Chau Province, the Northern Vietnam: Concentrations, Profiles, and Human Risk Assessments

Table 1

Concentrations of paraquat (µg/L) in the surface water samples in five villages (Cun Pheo, Pieng Ve, Xam Khoe, Mai Hich, and Van Mai) at Mai Chau province in the Northern Vietnam.

	Paraquat
	Dry season	Rainy season
Cun Pheo village
Mean	68.55	20.70
SD	40.37	17.98
Min	7.80	4.70
Max	134.08	55.74
Median	64.63	10.95
	9/9	9/9
Pieng Ve village
Mean	34.95	21.11
SD	19.80	11.08
Min	5.30	9.74
Max	52.74	43.62
Median	40.98	18.46
	8/8	5/8
Xam Khoe village
Mean	30.51	2.62
SD	5.38	0.82
Min	23.65	1.72
Max	36.78	3.68
Median	30.09	2.64
	5/5	5/5
Mai Hich village
Mean	13.28	4.5
SD	9.39	-
Min	4.70	4.5
Max	21.57	4.5
Median	13.43	4.5
	4/4	1/4
Van Mai village
Mean	-	-
SD	-	-
Min	-	-
Max	-	-
Median	-	-
	0/8	0/8
Drinking water guideline (Canada, 1991)	10

Number of samples with detectable concentration.