Fast Determination of the Main Reduced Sulfur Species in Aquatic Systems by a Direct and Second-Derivative Spectrophotometric Method

<div>Normalized second-derivative absorbance as a function of salinity: values for <span class="nowrap"><svg height="15.3112pt" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-3.8751pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.4361 24.1468 15.3112" width="24.1468pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M724 650H480V616C554 612 574 595 579 552C582 523 587 476 587 387V211H584L201 650H16V616C59 612 81 604 100 580S120 538 120 472V264C120 176 114 131 110 98C106 55 83 39 27 35V0H272V35C198 38 181 57 176 101C173 131 168 176 168 264V488H171L587 -10H635V387C635 476 641 523 644 554C649 599 670 613 724 616V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.62,-5.741)"><path d="M310 541L304 571C290 586 211 619 185 610L80 76L131 52L310 541Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.658,-5.741)"><path d="M310 541L304 571C290 586 211 619 185 610L80 76L131 52L310 541Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.62,3.784)"><path d="M440 180C404 113 397 110 338 110H183L298 220C398 316 438 379 438 456C438 568 354 635 254 635C192 635 138 610 101 572L36 479L69 452C103 500 144 541 204 541C270 541 306 494 306 425C306 350 267 276 197 193C148 136 89 81 36 30V0H440C451 42 463 106 480 167L440 180Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,14.234,3.784)"><path d="M159 513H412L444 612L437 623H116L70 300C91 306 135 319 182 319C273 319 330 262 330 174C330 104 300 49 239 49C181 49 132 89 108 110C95 122 83 124 72 115C52 102 38 78 38 62C38 47 42 36 64 20C87 2 130 -12 169 -12C230 -11 302 15 358 54C429 104 461 163 461 226C461 313 387 395 258 395C232 395 179 382 132 364L159 513Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,18.847,3.784)"><path d="M255 635C86 635 29 459 29 311C29 167 83 -12 254 -12S478 166 478 312C478 457 425 635 255 635ZM252 588C317 588 338 455 338 314C338 176 322 35 256 35C191 35 169 183 169 315C169 448 185 588 252 588Z"></path></g></svg>-</span><svg height="15.3112pt" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-3.8751pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.4361 32.1326 15.3112" width="32.1326pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M687 0V35C623 43 611 56 577 144C512 316 450 490 386 665L335 652L130 138C97 54 84 43 18 35V0H242V35C169 44 166 58 181 106C193 146 206 182 217 213H409C424 173 439 130 449 100C465 56 460 44 401 35V0H687ZM390 266H234C260 337 285 410 313 483H316L390 266Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.787,0)"><path d="M625 186C574 85 512 32 429 32C293 32 194 153 194 337C194 485 274 621 419 621C496 621 573 586 606 468L643 475C636 537 629 583 620 638C593 644 519 665 438 665C199 665 42 523 42 317C42 158 152 -15 418 -15C486 -15 578 5 604 11C621 46 647 122 660 171L625 186Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.642,-5.741)"><path d="M310 541L304 571C290 586 211 619 185 610L80 76L131 52L310 541Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.68,-5.741)"><path d="M310 541L304 571C290 586 211 619 185 610L80 76L131 52L310 541Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.642,3.784)"><path d="M440 180C404 113 397 110 338 110H183L298 220C398 316 438 379 438 456C438 568 354 635 254 635C192 635 138 610 101 572L36 479L69 452C103 500 144 541 204 541C270 541 306 494 306 425C306 350 267 276 197 193C148 136 89 81 36 30V0H440C451 42 463 106 480 167L440 180Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,22.256,3.784)"><path d="M159 513H412L444 612L437 623H116L70 300C91 306 135 319 182 319C273 319 330 262 330 174C330 104 300 49 239 49C181 49 132 89 108 110C95 122 83 124 72 115C52 102 38 78 38 62C38 47 42 36 64 20C87 2 130 -12 169 -12C230 -11 302 15 358 54C429 104 461 163 461 226C461 313 387 395 258 395C232 395 179 382 132 364L159 513Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,26.869,3.784)"><path d="M255 635C86 635 29 459 29 311C29 167 83 -12 254 -12S478 166 478 312C478 457 425 635 255 635ZM252 588C317 588 338 455 338 314C338 176 322 35 256 35C191 35 169 183 169 315C169 448 185 588 252 588Z"></path></g></svg> (second-derivative values at 250 nm for media (<b>N</b> and <b>AC</b>, respectively)) are represented by diamonds and correspond to total sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S/HS<sup>−</sup>/S<sup>2−</sup>). Values <svg height="15.3112pt" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-3.8751pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.4361 24.7079 15.3112" width="24.7079pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M746 650H445V615C520 608 528 602 528 517V370H255V517C255 602 263 608 335 615V650H35V615C112 608 121 602 121 517V133C121 48 112 42 39 35V0H337V35C263 42 255 48 255 133V319H528V133C528 48 520 42 441 35V0H746V35C670 42 662 48 662 132V517C662 602 668 608 746 615V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.179,-5.741)"><path d="M310 541L304 571C290 586 211 619 185 610L80 76L131 52L310 541Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,13.218,-5.741)"><path d="M310 541L304 571C290 586 211 619 185 610L80 76L131 52L310 541Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.179,3.784)"><path d="M440 180C404 113 397 110 338 110H183L298 220C398 316 438 379 438 456C438 568 354 635 254 635C192 635 138 610 101 572L36 479L69 452C103 500 144 541 204 541C270 541 306 494 306 425C306 350 267 276 197 193C148 136 89 81 36 30V0H440C451 42 463 106 480 167L440 180Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,14.793,3.784)"><path d="M482 623L67 622C60 580 54 527 40 445H81C108 505 116 513 184 513H391C306 352 206 176 87 2L95 -12L203 0C294 205 397 410 492 611L482 623Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,19.406,3.784)"><path d="M266 635C142 635 58 556 58 460C58 387 109 338 166 306C138 289 93 263 75 246S32 205 32 157C32 56 117 -12 252 -12C352 -12 479 51 479 179C479 265 416 313 349 350C386 373 404 390 419 404C442 426 452 452 452 479C452 569 377 635 266 635ZM251 590C291 590 342 557 342 473C342 415 320 385 305 371C227 406 176 440 176 504C176 544 202 590 251 590ZM263 33C214 33 155 76 155 169C155 218 179 263 209 285C310 232 354 208 355 138C356 76 318 33 263 33Z"></path></g></svg> (second-derivative values at 278 nm for media <b>H</b> and representing total sulfite: SO<sub>2</sub>/HSO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>) and <svg height="15.3112pt" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-3.8751pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.4361 32.1326 15.3112" width="32.1326pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M687 0V35C623 43 611 56 577 144C512 316 450 490 386 665L335 652L130 138C97 54 84 43 18 35V0H242V35C169 44 166 58 181 106C193 146 206 182 217 213H409C424 173 439 130 449 100C465 56 460 44 401 35V0H687ZM390 266H234C260 337 285 410 313 483H316L390 266Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.787,0)"><path d="M625 186C574 85 512 32 429 32C293 32 194 153 194 337C194 485 274 621 419 621C496 621 573 586 606 468L643 475C636 537 629 583 620 638C593 644 519 665 438 665C199 665 42 523 42 317C42 158 152 -15 418 -15C486 -15 578 5 604 11C621 46 647 122 660 171L625 186Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.642,-5.741)"><path d="M310 541L304 571C290 586 211 619 185 610L80 76L131 52L310 541Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.68,-5.741)"><path d="M310 541L304 571C290 586 211 619 185 610L80 76L131 52L310 541Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.642,3.784)"><path d="M440 180C404 113 397 110 338 110H183L298 220C398 316 438 379 438 456C438 568 354 635 254 635C192 635 138 610 101 572L36 479L69 452C103 500 144 541 204 541C270 541 306 494 306 425C306 350 267 276 197 193C148 136 89 81 36 30V0H440C451 42 463 106 480 167L440 180Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,22.256,3.784)"><path d="M159 513H412L444 612L437 623H116L70 300C91 306 135 319 182 319C273 319 330 262 330 174C330 104 300 49 239 49C181 49 132 89 108 110C95 122 83 124 72 115C52 102 38 78 38 62C38 47 42 36 64 20C87 2 130 -12 169 -12C230 -11 302 15 358 54C429 104 461 163 461 226C461 313 387 395 258 395C232 395 179 382 132 364L159 513Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,26.869,3.784)"><path d="M255 635C86 635 29 459 29 311C29 167 83 -12 254 -12S478 166 478 312C478 457 425 635 255 635ZM252 588C317 588 338 455 338 314C338 176 322 35 256 35C191 35 169 183 169 315C169 448 185 588 252 588Z"></path></g></svg> (second-derivative values at 250 nm for media <b>AC</b> and representing total thiosulfate: H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/HS<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>) are represented by squares and triangles, respectively.</div>

Journal of Chemistry

fig3

Figure 3

Figure 3: Fast Determination of the Main Reduced Sulfur Species in Aquatic Systems by a Direct and Second-Derivative Spectrophotometric Method 