Changes on the Development of Rigor Mortis in Cultured Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fed with a Mixture of Plant Proteins

Table 1

Formulation and chemical composition of experimental diets and muscle of cultured tilapia (O. niloticus).

	Diet
	D0	D50	D100	Control
Ingredient (g kg^−1)
Soy bean meal^1	387.0	556.0	728.0	—
Fish meal (sardine)^2	200.0	100.0	0.0	—
Corn meal^1	178.0	74.9	42.9	—
Wheat flour^1	134.4	140.0	112.0	—
Sorghum meal^1	32.5	48.0	24.0	—
Fish oil^1	37.0	50.0	62.0	—
Soy lecitin^3	10.0	10.0	10.0	—
Vitamin premix^4	8.0	8.0	8.0	—
Mineral premix^5	5.0	5.0	5.0	—
Dibasic sodium phosphate^6	5.0	5.0	5.0	—
Choline chloride^1	2.0	2.0	2.0	—
Vitamin C^7	1	1	1	—
Butylhydroxytoluene (BHT)^8	0.1	0.1	0.1	—
Chemical composition of diet
Moisture (%)	8.9 ± 0.2^a	8.8 ± 0.4^a	8.8 ± 0.6^a	8.8 ± 0.7^a
Protein (%)	37.6 ± 0.2^a	37.6 ± 0.2^a	37.6 ± 0.2^a	38.0 ± 0.2^a
Lipids (%)	6.2 ± 0.0^a	6.2 ± 0.0^a	6.2 ± 0.1^a	4.6 ± 0.1^b
Ash (%)	5.6 ± 0.1^a	5.6 ± 0.0^a	5.6 ± 0.1^a	8.8 ± 0.0^b
Crude fiber (%)	4.8 ± 0.1^a	4.8 ± 0.1^a	4.6 ± 0.1^b	4.5 ± 0.1^b
Chemical composition of muscle
Moisture (%)	77.3 ± 0.7^a	77.3 ± 0.6^a	77.9 ± 0.6^a	77.0 ± 0.3^a
Protein (%)	12.0 ± 0.8^a	12.7 ± 0.2^a	12.7 ± 0.0^a	13.3 ± 0.7^a
Lipids (%)	4.3 ± 0.1^a	4.6 ± 0.3^a	5.3 ± 0.0^b	4.3 ± 0.4^a
Ash (%)	2.7 ± 0.3^b	3.3 ± 0.0^a	3.3 ± 0.1^a	2.5 ± 0.2^b
Crude fiber (%)	1.3 ± 0.2^a	1.3 ± 0.2^a	1.2 ± 0.1^a	1.3 ± 0.1^a

¹Promotora Industrial Acuasistemas, S. A. de C. V., La Paz, BCS, México. ²Pescaharina de Guaymas S. A de C. V. ³ODONAJI. Distribuidora de Alimentos Naturales and Nutricionales S. A. de C. V., México, D. F. ⁴Composition of the vitamin premix (g/kg premix): Vit. A₅, D₃ 0.001, E₈, menadione 2, B₁ 0.5, B₂ 3, B₆ 1, DL-Ca-pantothenate 5, nicotinic acid, H 0.05 inositol 5, B₁₂ 0.002, folic acid 0.18, α-cellulose 865.266. ⁵Composition of the mineral premix (g/100 g premix): CoCl₂ 0.004, CuSO₄. 5H₂O 0.25, FeSO₄. 7H₂O₄, MgSO₄ 7H₂O 28.398, MnSO₄ H₂O 0.65, KI 0.067, Na₂SeO₃ 0.01, ZnSO₄, 7H₂O 13.193, α-cellulose 53.428. ⁶SIGMA Cat No. S-0876. SIGMA–ALDRICH Chemical Company, St. Louis, MO, USA. ⁷Stay C (35% active agent). Roche, México, D. F. ⁸butylated hydroxytoluene, ICN Cat. No.101162. Aurora, Ohio, USA. % dry weight basis. Values are means of three replicates ± SD. Means within rows with different letter are significantly different ().